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Published
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Open Access
Review Article
04-Dec-2025
Regular Issue  Open Access Review Article Published on :- 04-Dec-2025

Unified Mass–Energy Dissolution Cosmology (UMEDC): A Staged Framework for Cosmic Energy Transformation and Late-Time Acceleration

By
Osama Ibrahim Hammoud,

Abstract: The ΛCDM model successfully describes the universe’s expansion but remains fundamentally descriptive: it assigns fixed densities to matter, dark matter, and dark energy without providing a unifying physical mechanism behind their coexistence or …


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Review Article
04-Dec-2025
Ahead of Print  Subscription Review Article Published on :- 04-Dec-2025

Advances in Shell Programming: Techniques, Tools, and Emerging Trends

By
Jyoti AmitKumar Dhamecha,

Abstract: Shell programming has undergone a significant transformation, shifting from simple command-line interactions to a mature, versatile scripting environment that supports modern computing needs. Over time, shells such as Bash, Zsh, and PowerShell have …


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Review Article
04-Dec-2025
Ahead of Print  Subscription Review Article Published on :- 04-Dec-2025

Parallel and Concurrent Computing with Shell Commands: Exploring CPU Architecture, LAN Interconnection and Command Languages for Green Sustainability

By
Saquib Ahmed, Bhupinder Singh,

Abstract: Parallel and concurrent computing are essential ways of thinking in the digital age, where the cost indexes are efficiency, speed and sustainability. By far performance relevance of each metaphor Contemporary computational environments covering …


Published
Regular Issue
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Review Article
04-Dec-2025
Regular Issue  Subscription Review Article Published on :- 04-Dec-2025

Histological Effects of the Antibiotic Gentamicin on the Ovarian Tissue of Female White Laboratory Rats

By
Saja. A. Mazher, Atyaf. S. Hussein, Zahraa. H. abdulateef,

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the histological alterations induced by Gentamicin in the ovarian tissue of white laboratory rats. A total of 12 adult female rats were used and randomly divided into two groups, with each group consisting of six animals. …


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Review Article
04-Dec-2025
Ahead of Print  Subscription Review Article Published on :- 04-Dec-2025

Resilient Shell-Based Networking Frameworks for DTN Environments: Enhancing Reliability and Security across Disrupted and High-Latency Satellite Channels

By
Bhupinder Singh,

Abstract: The foundation of DTN, as suggested by the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF), is the definition of a suite of protocols that function in networks with periodic disconnections and long- duration route conditions. A permanent end-to-end channel from …


Published
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Original Research
04-Dec-2025
Regular Issue  Subscription Original Research Published on :- 04-Dec-2025

TPLO-M: A Dual-Purpose Solution for CCL and MPL in Dogs

By
Kunal Dev Sharma, Tarun Nar Singh, Deep Vasudeo, Sriram Naidu,

Abstract: Cranial Cruciate Ligament (CCL) rupture and Medial Patellar Luxation (MPL) are common orthopedic conditions affecting the canine stifle joint, particularly in small and toy breeds and larger athletic dogs. When these conditions occur together, they …


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Review Article
04-Dec-2025
Ahead of Print  Subscription Review Article Published on :- 04-Dec-2025

A Review of Shell Programming Applications in Blockchain and Web3 Infrastructure

By
K.V.V. Subba Rao, Anantham Srujana Jyothi, Manas Kumar Yogi,

Abstract: Shell programming has long been an essential tool for automation and system management, but its role in emerging technologies like Blockchain and Web3 infrastructure has become increasingly prominent. This review explores how shell scripting supports …


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Review Article
21-Aug-2025
Regular Issue  Subscription Review Article Published on :- 21-Aug-2025

A Critical Review of Gandhaka & Its Shodhan Research Work with Special Emphasis on the 1st Method Following Rasatarangini

By
Patel Harshilkumar Mukeshkumar, Parwez A. Ansari, Ankit K. Gupta, Vijay K. Rai, Ravina Chandubhai Desai,

Abstract: Background: Ayurveda is an ancient healthcare system that influences many modern treatments. One of its key branches, Rasa Shastra, studies the health benefits of strong minerals and metals like mercury, sulphur, mica, and black bitumen. Among these, …


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Review Article
04-Dec-2025
Ahead of Print  Subscription Review Article Published on :- 04-Dec-2025

Making interactive shell scripts with menus and prompts

By
V. Basil Hans,

Abstract: Interactive shell scripts make the user experience better by letting the script and the user talkto each other in real time. This article talks about the best ways to make interactive shell scripts that use menus, prompts, and checking user input. It …


Published
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Review Article
04-Apr-2025
Regular Issue  Subscription Review Article Published on :- 04-Apr-2025

Design and Development of Mini-Groundnut Oil Extraction Machine for Domestic Purpose

By
Mahesh Laxman Rathod, Mane Mayur Mohan, Shedge Roshan Ramdas, Chavan Saurabh Vijay, Gaikwad Sourabh Sanjay,

Abstract: A machine is designed to extract various types of oil from groundnuts. The primary purpose of this machine is to facilitate the extraction of oil using a mechanical extraction method, specifically employing a screw press mechanism to crush the seeds …


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