Unified Mass–Energy Dissolution Cosmology (UMEDC): A Staged Framework for Cosmic Energy Transformation and Late-Time Acceleration

Open Access

Year : 2025 | Volume : 01 | Issue : 02 | Page : 18 34
    By

    Osama Ibrahim Hammoud,

  1. Independent Researcher, Riyadh, , Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The ΛCDM model successfully describes the universe’s expansion but remains fundamentally descriptive: it assigns fixed densities to matter, dark matter, and dark energy without providing a unifying physical mechanism behind their coexistence or evolution. In this work, we introduce the Unified Mass–Energy Dissolution Cosmology (UMEDC), a novel framework based on the staged transformation M → DM → DE, where ordinary matter gradually dissolves into a dark-matter-like reservoir, which subsequently transforms into a vacuum-like dark energy component. This mass-to-energy drift is governed by small, constant dissolution parameters that preserve early-universe cosmology while naturally generating late-time acceleration. We embed the UMEDC exchange law into the Friedmann, continuity, and perturbation equations to obtain closed-form expressions for ρ_m(a), ρ_dm(a), ρ_de(a), the Hubble rate H(a), the effective equation of state w_eff(a), and the deceleration parameter q(a). The model produces distinctive signatures in low-redshift observables, including distance–redshift relations, linear structure growth D(a), the ISW effect, and halo mass evolution. Unlike models that modify gravity or assume ad hoc dynamical dark energy, UMEDC preserves GR but introduces a physically motivated energy-transfer mechanism consistent with ∇_μ T^{μν}=0.We show that UMEDC (Option C baseline) aligns with key datasets—including SNe Ia, BAO, and cosmic chronometers—and predicts measurable deviations from ΛCDM at O(1–5%) level, accessible to DESI, Euclid, Rubin, and CMB-S4. The framework also extends to black hole mass evolution, providing a unified description where Hawking evaporation and cosmological dissolution become two limits of the same physical law.

Keywords: Cosmology; Dark energy; Dark matter; Mass loss; Variable mass cosmology; Friedmann equations; Energy transformation; UMEDC; Modified expansion history; Cosmic acceleration; Structure formation; Energy policy of the universe.

[This article belongs to International Journal of Universe ]

How to cite this article:
Osama Ibrahim Hammoud. Unified Mass–Energy Dissolution Cosmology (UMEDC): A Staged Framework for Cosmic Energy Transformation and Late-Time Acceleration. International Journal of Universe. 2025; 01(02):18-34.
How to cite this URL:
Osama Ibrahim Hammoud. Unified Mass–Energy Dissolution Cosmology (UMEDC): A Staged Framework for Cosmic Energy Transformation and Late-Time Acceleration. International Journal of Universe. 2025; 01(02):18-34. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/iju/article=2025/view=233466


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Regular Issue Open Access Review Article
Volume 01
Issue 02
Received 24/11/2025
Accepted 02/12/2025
Published 04/12/2025
Publication Time 10 Days
238

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