RRJoBT

Psoriasis: Latest Trends in Treatment, Diagnosis and Management in Medical Science

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u00a0Dutta Amit Kumar, Kumari Ritu,

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nAbstract

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Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory and autoimmune skin disease that primarily affects the skin. It affects about 2–4% of the world populations. It is clinically characterized by skin rashes, highly inflamed red scale itchy plaque. Abundant therapeutic agents are accessible for the treatment of psoriasis. Wide range of therapeutic mediators such as coal tar, topical corticosteroids, anthralin, retinoid, calcineurin inhibitors, methotrexate, cyclosporine are proven to be effective in treating mild to severe psoriasis. Psoriasis is a lifelong disease and the management, diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis depends on the severity of the disease. Topical therapy is first line treatment of psoriasis management as it has many advantages. For severe conditions, systemic treatment and phototherapy is indicated.

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Volume :u00a0u00a011 | Issue :u00a0u00a02 | Received :u00a0u00a0July 10, 2022 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0August 9, 2021 | Published :u00a0u00a0August 30, 2022n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology(rrjobt)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue Psoriasis: Latest Trends in Treatment, Diagnosis and Management in Medical Science under section in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology(rrjobt)] [/if 424]
Keywords Psoriasis, common types, epidemiology, causes, factors, latest treatment

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1. Sala M, Elaissari A, Fessi H. Advances in Psoriasis Physiopathology and Treatments: Up to date of mechanistic insights and perspectives of novel therapies based on innovative skin drug delivery systems (ISDDS). J Controlled Release. 2016; 239: 182–202p.
2. Liu Y, Krueger JG, Bowcock AM. Psoriasis: genetic associations and immune system changes. Genes and Immunity. 2007; 8(1): 1–2p.
3. Bailey EE, Ference EH, A. Alikhan A, et al. Combination treatments for Psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dermatol. 2012; 148: 511–522p.
4. Lee S, Coleman CI, Limone B, et al. Biologic and non-biologic systemic agents and phototherapy for treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Med J Aust. 2006; 185(10): 562– 564p.
5. Henley ND. Rapid-onset skin rash- Guttate psoriasis. American Family Physician. 2012; 86: 361–362p.
6. Syed ZU, Khachemoune A. Inverse psoriasis: Case presentation and review. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 2011; 12: 143–146p.
7. Viguier M, Aubin F, Delaporte E, et al. Efficacy and safety of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in acute generalized pustular psoriasis. Archives of Dermatology. 2012; 148(12): 1423–1425p.
8. Hawilo A, Zaraa I, Benmously R, et al. Erythrodermic Psoriasis: Epidemiological clinical and therapeutic features about 60 cases. La tunisie Medicale. 2011; 89(11): 841–847p.
9. Aydin SZ, Castillo-Gallego C, Ash ZR, et al. Ultrasonographic assessment of nail in psoriatic disease shows a link between onychopathy and distal interphalangeal joint extensor tendon enthesopathy. Dermatology. 2012; 225(3): 231–235p.
10. Parisi R, Symmons DP, Griffiths CE, et al. Global Epidemiology of Psoriasis: A Systematic Review of Incidence and Prevalence. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2013; 133: 377–385p.
11. Nickoloff BJ. Skin Innate Immune System in Psoriasis: Friend or Foe. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1999; 104: 1161–1171p.
12. Robert C, Kupper TS. Inflammatory skin diseases, T cells, and immune surveillance. New England Journal of Medicine. 1999; 341(24): 1817–1828p.
13. Krueger G, Ellis CN. Psoriasis—recent advances in understanding its pathogenesis and treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2005; 53(1): 94–100p.
14. Mudigonda P, Mudigonda T, Feneran AN, et al. Interleukin-23 and Interleukin-17: Importance in Pathogenesis and Therapy of Psoriasis. Dermatology Online Journal. 2012; 18(10): 1p.
15. Mease PJ, Armstrong AW. Managing patients with Psoriatic Disease: The Diagnosis and Pharmacologic Treatment of psoriatic Arthritis in patients with psoriasis. Drugs. 2014; 74: 423–441p.
16. Bhutani T, Koo J, Maibach HI. Efficacy of clobetasol spray: factors beyond patient compliance. Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2012; 23(1): 11– 15p.
17. Nast A, Kopp IB, Augustin M, et al. Evidence based (s3) guidelines for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. Journal der deutschen dermatologischen Gesellschaft. 2007; 5(s3): 1–19p.
18. Greaves MW, Weinstein GD. Treatment of Psoriasis. New England Journal of Medicine. 1995; 332(9): 581–589p.
19. Grant WB, Holick MF. Benefits and requirements of vitamin D for optimal health: A Review. Altern Med Rev. 2005; 10(2): 94–111p.
20. Oostveen AM, Beulens CA, Kerkhof PC, et al. The effectiveness and safety of short‐contact dithranol therapy in Paediatric Psoriasis: A prospective comparison of regular day care and day care with telemedicine. British Journal of Dermatology. 2014; 170(2): 454–730p.
21. Weinstein GD, Krueger GG, Lowe NJ, et al. Tazarotene gel, a new retinoid, for topical therapy of psoriasis: Vehicle-controlled study of safety, efficacy, and duration of therapeutic effect. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1997; 37(1): 85–92p.
22. Martin EG, Sanchez RM, Herrera AE, et al. Topical tacrolimus for the treatment of Psoriasis on the Face, Genitalia, Intertriginous Areas and Corporal Plaques. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology: JDD. 2006; 5(4): 334–336p.
23. Huber C, Christophers E. Kerotolytic effect of salicylic acid. Archives of Dermatological Research. 1977; 257(3): 293–297p.
24. Cordoro KM. Systemic and light therapies for the management of Childhood Psoriasis: part II. Skin Therapy Lett. 2008; 13(4): 1–3p.
25. Holme SA, Anstey AV. Phototherapy and PUVA Photochemotherapy in Children. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2004; 20(2): 69–75p.
26. Lara CI, Ramnarine S, Lansang P. Treatment of childhood psoriasis with Phototherapy and Photochemotherapy. Clin Med Insights Pediatr. 2013; 7: 25–33p.
27. Pasic A, Ceovi R, Lipogenic J, et al. Phototherapy in Pediatric Patients. Pediatr Dermatol. 2003; 20(1): 71–77p.
28. Kopp T, Karlhofer F, Szépfalusi Z, Schneeberger A, Stingl G, Tanew A. Successful use of acitretin in conjunction with narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in a child with severe pustular psoriasis, von Zumbusch type. Br J Dermatol. 2004; 151(4): 912–916p.
29. Cordoro KM. Systemic and light therapies for the management of Childhood Psoriasis: part II. Skin Therapy Lett. 2008; 13(4): 1–3p.
30. Brecher AR, Orlow SJ. Oral retinoid therapy for dermatologic conditions in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003; 49(2): 171–182p.
31. Geel van MJ, Mul K, Jager de ME, et al. Systemic treatments in Paediatric Psoriasis: A Systematic Evidence- based Update. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol: JEADV. 2015; 29(3): 425–437p.
32. Kalb RE, Strober B, Weinstein G, et al. Methotrexate and Psoriasis: 2009. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009; 60(5): 824–837p.
33. Wright NA, Piggott CD, Eichenfield LF. The role of biologics and other systemic agents in the treatment of pediatric psoriasis. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2010; 29(1): 20–27p.
34. Hashkes PJ, Becker ML, Cabral DA, et al. Methotrexate: New uses for an old drug. J Paediatric. 2014; 164(2): 231–236p.
35. Kilic SS, Hacimustafaoglu M, Celebi S, et al. Low dose cyclosporin A treatment in generalized pustular psoriasis. Pediatr Dermatol. 2001; 18(3): 246–248p.
36. Mahe E, Bodemer C, Pruszkowski A, et al. Cyclosporine in Childhood Psoriasis. Arch Dermatol. 2001; 137(11): 1532–1533p.
37. Ellis CN. Safety issues with cyclosporine. Int J Dermatology. 1997; 36(Suppl 1): 7–10p.

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[if 424 not_equal=”Regular Issue”] Regular Issue[/if 424] Open Access Article

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Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology

ISSN: 2231-3826

Editors Overview

rrjobt maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

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    Dutta Amit Kumar, Kumari Ritu

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  1. Associate Professor, Lab Assistant,Department of Cancer Cytogenetics, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Department of Cancer Cytogenetics, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University,Jharkhand, Jharkhand,India, India
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Abstract

nPsoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory and autoimmune skin disease that primarily affects the skin. It affects about 2–4% of the world populations. It is clinically characterized by skin rashes, highly inflamed red scale itchy plaque. Abundant therapeutic agents are accessible for the treatment of psoriasis. Wide range of therapeutic mediators such as coal tar, topical corticosteroids, anthralin, retinoid, calcineurin inhibitors, methotrexate, cyclosporine are proven to be effective in treating mild to severe psoriasis. Psoriasis is a lifelong disease and the management, diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis depends on the severity of the disease. Topical therapy is first line treatment of psoriasis management as it has many advantages. For severe conditions, systemic treatment and phototherapy is indicated.n

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Keywords: Psoriasis, common types, epidemiology, causes, factors, latest treatment

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References

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1. Sala M, Elaissari A, Fessi H. Advances in Psoriasis Physiopathology and Treatments: Up to date of mechanistic insights and perspectives of novel therapies based on innovative skin drug delivery systems (ISDDS). J Controlled Release. 2016; 239: 182–202p.
2. Liu Y, Krueger JG, Bowcock AM. Psoriasis: genetic associations and immune system changes. Genes and Immunity. 2007; 8(1): 1–2p.
3. Bailey EE, Ference EH, A. Alikhan A, et al. Combination treatments for Psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dermatol. 2012; 148: 511–522p.
4. Lee S, Coleman CI, Limone B, et al. Biologic and non-biologic systemic agents and phototherapy for treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Med J Aust. 2006; 185(10): 562– 564p.
5. Henley ND. Rapid-onset skin rash- Guttate psoriasis. American Family Physician. 2012; 86: 361–362p.
6. Syed ZU, Khachemoune A. Inverse psoriasis: Case presentation and review. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 2011; 12: 143–146p.
7. Viguier M, Aubin F, Delaporte E, et al. Efficacy and safety of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in acute generalized pustular psoriasis. Archives of Dermatology. 2012; 148(12): 1423–1425p.
8. Hawilo A, Zaraa I, Benmously R, et al. Erythrodermic Psoriasis: Epidemiological clinical and therapeutic features about 60 cases. La tunisie Medicale. 2011; 89(11): 841–847p.
9. Aydin SZ, Castillo-Gallego C, Ash ZR, et al. Ultrasonographic assessment of nail in psoriatic disease shows a link between onychopathy and distal interphalangeal joint extensor tendon enthesopathy. Dermatology. 2012; 225(3): 231–235p.
10. Parisi R, Symmons DP, Griffiths CE, et al. Global Epidemiology of Psoriasis: A Systematic Review of Incidence and Prevalence. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2013; 133: 377–385p.
11. Nickoloff BJ. Skin Innate Immune System in Psoriasis: Friend or Foe. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1999; 104: 1161–1171p.
12. Robert C, Kupper TS. Inflammatory skin diseases, T cells, and immune surveillance. New England Journal of Medicine. 1999; 341(24): 1817–1828p.
13. Krueger G, Ellis CN. Psoriasis—recent advances in understanding its pathogenesis and treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2005; 53(1): 94–100p.
14. Mudigonda P, Mudigonda T, Feneran AN, et al. Interleukin-23 and Interleukin-17: Importance in Pathogenesis and Therapy of Psoriasis. Dermatology Online Journal. 2012; 18(10): 1p.
15. Mease PJ, Armstrong AW. Managing patients with Psoriatic Disease: The Diagnosis and Pharmacologic Treatment of psoriatic Arthritis in patients with psoriasis. Drugs. 2014; 74: 423–441p.
16. Bhutani T, Koo J, Maibach HI. Efficacy of clobetasol spray: factors beyond patient compliance. Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2012; 23(1): 11– 15p.
17. Nast A, Kopp IB, Augustin M, et al. Evidence based (s3) guidelines for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. Journal der deutschen dermatologischen Gesellschaft. 2007; 5(s3): 1–19p.
18. Greaves MW, Weinstein GD. Treatment of Psoriasis. New England Journal of Medicine. 1995; 332(9): 581–589p.
19. Grant WB, Holick MF. Benefits and requirements of vitamin D for optimal health: A Review. Altern Med Rev. 2005; 10(2): 94–111p.
20. Oostveen AM, Beulens CA, Kerkhof PC, et al. The effectiveness and safety of short‐contact dithranol therapy in Paediatric Psoriasis: A prospective comparison of regular day care and day care with telemedicine. British Journal of Dermatology. 2014; 170(2): 454–730p.
21. Weinstein GD, Krueger GG, Lowe NJ, et al. Tazarotene gel, a new retinoid, for topical therapy of psoriasis: Vehicle-controlled study of safety, efficacy, and duration of therapeutic effect. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1997; 37(1): 85–92p.
22. Martin EG, Sanchez RM, Herrera AE, et al. Topical tacrolimus for the treatment of Psoriasis on the Face, Genitalia, Intertriginous Areas and Corporal Plaques. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology: JDD. 2006; 5(4): 334–336p.
23. Huber C, Christophers E. Kerotolytic effect of salicylic acid. Archives of Dermatological Research. 1977; 257(3): 293–297p.
24. Cordoro KM. Systemic and light therapies for the management of Childhood Psoriasis: part II. Skin Therapy Lett. 2008; 13(4): 1–3p.
25. Holme SA, Anstey AV. Phototherapy and PUVA Photochemotherapy in Children. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2004; 20(2): 69–75p.
26. Lara CI, Ramnarine S, Lansang P. Treatment of childhood psoriasis with Phototherapy and Photochemotherapy. Clin Med Insights Pediatr. 2013; 7: 25–33p.
27. Pasic A, Ceovi R, Lipogenic J, et al. Phototherapy in Pediatric Patients. Pediatr Dermatol. 2003; 20(1): 71–77p.
28. Kopp T, Karlhofer F, Szépfalusi Z, Schneeberger A, Stingl G, Tanew A. Successful use of acitretin in conjunction with narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in a child with severe pustular psoriasis, von Zumbusch type. Br J Dermatol. 2004; 151(4): 912–916p.
29. Cordoro KM. Systemic and light therapies for the management of Childhood Psoriasis: part II. Skin Therapy Lett. 2008; 13(4): 1–3p.
30. Brecher AR, Orlow SJ. Oral retinoid therapy for dermatologic conditions in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003; 49(2): 171–182p.
31. Geel van MJ, Mul K, Jager de ME, et al. Systemic treatments in Paediatric Psoriasis: A Systematic Evidence- based Update. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol: JEADV. 2015; 29(3): 425–437p.
32. Kalb RE, Strober B, Weinstein G, et al. Methotrexate and Psoriasis: 2009. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009; 60(5): 824–837p.
33. Wright NA, Piggott CD, Eichenfield LF. The role of biologics and other systemic agents in the treatment of pediatric psoriasis. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2010; 29(1): 20–27p.
34. Hashkes PJ, Becker ML, Cabral DA, et al. Methotrexate: New uses for an old drug. J Paediatric. 2014; 164(2): 231–236p.
35. Kilic SS, Hacimustafaoglu M, Celebi S, et al. Low dose cyclosporin A treatment in generalized pustular psoriasis. Pediatr Dermatol. 2001; 18(3): 246–248p.
36. Mahe E, Bodemer C, Pruszkowski A, et al. Cyclosporine in Childhood Psoriasis. Arch Dermatol. 2001; 137(11): 1532–1533p.
37. Ellis CN. Safety issues with cyclosporine. Int J Dermatology. 1997; 36(Suppl 1): 7–10p.

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Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology

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[if 344 not_equal=””]ISSN: 2231-3826[/if 344]

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Volume 11
Issue 2
Received July 10, 2022
Accepted August 9, 2021
Published August 30, 2022

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RRJoBT

Macro and Micronutrient Interactions with Malnutrition after Nutrition Education Intervention, Specifically with Regard to Nutritional Therapy and Diet Modification

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By [foreach 286]u00a0

u00a0Saad-un-Nisa Mahesar, Shah Muhammad Mahesar, Marvi Shaikh, Mahvish Jabeen Channa, Sara Aftab,

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nJanuary 9, 2023 at 4:22 am

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Nutrition and food have a crucial role in creating and sustaining optimum health. Physicians are interested in providing their patients with clinical nutrition therapy, but little is known about how they adhere to specific nutrition, in my opinion. Foods can contain a variety of various amounts and qualities of nourishing ingredients, which together make up nutrition. Patients in nutrition therapy learn how to make informed decisions once they select the proper type and quantity of food. Since many decades, the problem of nutritional anemia iron, vitamin A deficiency (VAD), disorders, and PEM has slowly evolved into a double nutritional problem, with the issue of macronutrients in Pakistan and developing countries specifically relating to the Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM). One of the factors that affect the occurrence of chronic malnutrition is a lack of micronutrients like zinc and vitamin A. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is intended to avoid malnutrition, promote the baby’s linear growth, and aid in the recovery from mild acute malnutrition.

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Volume :u00a0u00a012 | Issue :u00a0u00a02 | Received :u00a0u00a0July 26, 2022 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0August 8, 2022 | Published :u00a0u00a0September 15, 2022n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology(rrjobt)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue Macro and Micronutrient Interactions with Malnutrition after Nutrition Education Intervention, Specifically with Regard to Nutritional Therapy and Diet Modification under section in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology(rrjobt)] [/if 424]
Keywords Malnutrition, Vitamin-A deficiency, Anemia, PEM, Food Nutrition, Under Nutrition, Nutritional Therapy, Modification in Diet

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3. DeBruyne, Linda Kelly, Kathryn Pinna, and Eleanor Noss Whitney. Nutrition and diet therapy. Cengage Learning, 2015.
4. Temba, Makumba C., et al. The role of compositing cereals with legumes to alleviate protein energy malnutrition in Africa. International journal of food science & technology 51.3 (2016): 543-554.
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8. Abdel-Gawad, A. S., et al. Composite flours from wheat-legumes flour: Chemical composition, functional properties and antioxidant Activity. ASSIUT J. Agric. Sci 47 (2016): 430-442.
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12. Prado, E. L., and K. G. Dewey. Nutrition and brain development in early life. Nutri tion Reviews, 72 (4): 267-284. (2014).
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15. Meshram, I. I., G. Neeraja, and T. Longvah. Vitamin a deficiency, anemia, and nutritional status of under 5-year children from Northeast India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine 46.4 (2021): 673.
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32. Damude, Howard G., and Anthony J. Kinney. Enhancing plant seed oils for human nutrition. Plant physiology 147.3 (2008): 962-968.
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34. Larson‐Nath, Catherine, and Praveen Goday. Malnutrition in children with chronic disease. Nutrition in Clinical Practice 34.3 (2019): 349-358.
35. Badaloo, Asha V., et al. Lipid kinetic differences between children with kwashiorkor and those with marasmus. The American journal of clinical nutrition 83.6 (2006): 1283-1288.
36. Pojić, Milica, Aleksandra Mišan, and Brijesh Tiwari. Eco-innovative technologies for extraction of proteins for human consumption from renewable protein sources of plant origin. Trends in Food Science & Technology 75 (2018): 93-104.
37. Bielderman, I., et al. The potential double-burden of vitamin A malnutrition: under-and overconsumption of fortified table sugar in the Guatemalan highlands. European journal of clinical nutrition 70.8 (2016): 947-953.
38. De Medeiros, Pedro Henrique QS, et al. Modulation of intestinal immune and barrier functions by vitamin A: implications for current understanding of malnutrition and enteric infections in children. Nutrients 10.9 (2018): 1128.
39. Subramaniam, Girish, and Meenakshi Girish. Iron deficiency anemia in children. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics 82.6 (2015): 558-564.
40. Mantadakis, Elpis, Eleftherios Chatzimichael, and Panagiota Zikidou. Iron deficiency anemia in children residing in high and low-income countries: risk factors, prevention, diagnosis and therapy. Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 12.1 (2020).
41. de Souza Queiroz, Suzana, and A. de A. Marco. Anemia ferropriva na infância. Jornal de Pediatria 76.Supl 3 (2000): S299.
42. Pritwani, R., and P. Mathur. β-carotene content of some commonly consumed vegetables and fruits available in Delhi, India. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences 7.5 (2017): 1-7.

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Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology

ISSN: 2231-3826

Editors Overview

rrjobt maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

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    Saad-un-Nisa Mahesar, Shah Muhammad Mahesar, Marvi Shaikh, Mahvish Jabeen Channa, Sara Aftab

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  1. Professor, Lecturer,Department of Biochemistry, Indus Medical College, University of Modern Sciences, Tando Muhammad Khan, Department of Biochemistry, Indus Medical College, University of Modern Sciences, Tando Muhammad Khan,Sindh, Sindh,Pakistan, Pakistan
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nNutrition and food have a crucial role in creating and sustaining optimum health. Physicians are interested in providing their patients with clinical nutrition therapy, but little is known about how they adhere to specific nutrition, in my opinion. Foods can contain a variety of various amounts and qualities of nourishing ingredients, which together make up nutrition. Patients in nutrition therapy learn how to make informed decisions once they select the proper type and quantity of food. Since many decades, the problem of nutritional anemia iron, vitamin A deficiency (VAD), disorders, and PEM has slowly evolved into a double nutritional problem, with the issue of macronutrients in Pakistan and developing countries specifically relating to the Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM). One of the factors that affect the occurrence of chronic malnutrition is a lack of micronutrients like zinc and vitamin A. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is intended to avoid malnutrition, promote the baby’s linear growth, and aid in the recovery from mild acute malnutrition.n

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Keywords: Malnutrition, Vitamin-A deficiency, Anemia, PEM, Food Nutrition, Under Nutrition, Nutritional Therapy, Modification in Diet

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1. Raymond, Janice L., and Kelly Morrow. Krause and mahan’s food and the nutrition care process e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2020.
2. Schlenker, Eleanor, and Joyce Ann Gilbert. Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2018.
3. DeBruyne, Linda Kelly, Kathryn Pinna, and Eleanor Noss Whitney. Nutrition and diet therapy. Cengage Learning, 2015.
4. Temba, Makumba C., et al. The role of compositing cereals with legumes to alleviate protein energy malnutrition in Africa. International journal of food science & technology 51.3 (2016): 543-554.
5. Munuswamy, Hemalatha, et al. A review on antimicrobial efficacy of some traditional medicinal plants in Tamilnadu. Journal of Acute Disease 2.2 (2013): 99-105.
6. American Association of Cereal Chemists. Approved Methods Committee. Approved methods of the American association of cereal chemists. Vol. 1. Amer Assn of Cereal Chemists, 2000.
7. Von Grebmer, Klaus, et al. 2016 Global hunger index: Getting to zero hunger. Intl Food Policy Res Inst, 2016.
8. Abdel-Gawad, A. S., et al. Composite flours from wheat-legumes flour: Chemical composition, functional properties and antioxidant Activity. ASSIUT J. Agric. Sci 47 (2016): 430-442.
9. le Roux, Ingrid M., et al. Home visits by neighborhood Mentor Mothers provide timely recovery from childhood malnutrition in South Africa: results from a randomized controlled trial. Nutrition Journal, 9.1 (2010): 1-10.
10. Akeson, Walter R., and Mark A. Stahmann. A pepsin pancreatin digest index of protein quality evaluation. The Journal of nutrition 83.3 (1964): 257-261.
11. Lutz, Carroll A., Erin Mazur, and Nancy Litch. Nutrition and diet therapy. FA Davis, 2014.
12. Prado, E. L., and K. G. Dewey. Nutrition and brain development in early life. Nutri tion Reviews, 72 (4): 267-284. (2014).
13. World Health Organization. Guideline daily iron supplementation in infants and children. World Health Organization, 2016.
14. Mendu, Vishnu Vardhana Rao, Krishna Pillai Madhavan Nair, and Ramesh Athe. Systematic review and meta-analysis approach on vitamin A fortified foods and its effect on retinol concentration in under 10 year children. Clinical nutrition ESPEN 30 (2019): 126-130.
15. Meshram, I. I., G. Neeraja, and T. Longvah. Vitamin a deficiency, anemia, and nutritional status of under 5-year children from Northeast India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine 46.4 (2021): 673.
16. Stephenson, L. S., M. C. Latham, and E. A. Ottesen. Global malnutrition. Parasitology 121.S1 (2000): S5-S22.
17. Siddiqui, Fahad Javaid, Grace Belayneh, and Zulfiqar A. Bhutta. Nutrition and diarrheal disease and enteric pathogens. Nutrition and infectious diseases. Humana, Cham, 2021. 219-241.
18. Black, Robert E. Global distribution and disease burden related to micronutrient deficiencies. International nutrition: achieving millennium goals and beyond. Vol. 78. Karger Publishers, 2014. 21-28.
19. Dodd, Rebecca, and Andrew Cassels. Health, development and the millennium development goals. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 100.5-6 (2006): 379-387.
20. Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., and Rehana A. Salam. Global nutrition epidemiology and trends. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 61.Suppl. 1 (2012): 19-27.
21. Bailey, Regan L., Keith P. West Jr, and Robert E. Black. The epidemiology of global micronutrient deficiencies. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 66.Suppl. 2 (2015): 22-33.
22. Ibrahim, Amany, et al. Iron therapy and anthropometry: A case-control study among iron deficient preschool children. Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette 65.3 (2017): 95-100.
23. Iips, I. National family health survey (NFHS-4), 2015–16. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, India (2017): 791-846.
24. Cusick, Sarah E., and Michael K. Georgieff. The role of nutrition in brain development: the golden opportunity of the “first 1000 days”. The Journal of pediatrics 175 (2016): 16-21.
25. Camaschella, Clara. Iron-deficiency anemia. New England journal of medicine 372.19 (2015): 1832-1843.
26. Brewster, David R. Critical appraisal of the management of severe malnutrition: 3. Complications. Journal of paediatrics and child health 42.10 (2006): 583-593.
27. Hoffer, L. John. Clinical nutrition: 1. Protein–energy malnutrition in the inpatient. Cmaj 165.10 (2001): 1345-1349.
28. Kelechukwu, Clarence. Utilization of dietary therapies in the alleviation of protein energy malnutrition in kwashiokor-induced rats. African journal of biochemistry research 5.4 (2011): 137-142.
29. Lipschitz, David A. Screening for nutritional status in the elderly. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 21.1 (1994): 55-67.
30. Bsc Iii, F. N. D. Fndfnc 231: Life Span Nutrition–I Theory. B. Sc. In Food Nutrition And Dietetics (B. Sc. Fnd) Choice Based Credit System (Cbcs)-Scheme And Syllabus: 24.
31. Ese, Cia. M. Sc. Nutrition And Dietetics.
32. Damude, Howard G., and Anthony J. Kinney. Enhancing plant seed oils for human nutrition. Plant physiology 147.3 (2008): 962-968.
33. Pillay-van Wyk, Victoria, and Debbie Bradshaw. Mortality and socioeconomic status: the vicious cycle between poverty and ill health. The Lancet Global Health 5.9 (2017): e851-e852.
34. Larson‐Nath, Catherine, and Praveen Goday. Malnutrition in children with chronic disease. Nutrition in Clinical Practice 34.3 (2019): 349-358.
35. Badaloo, Asha V., et al. Lipid kinetic differences between children with kwashiorkor and those with marasmus. The American journal of clinical nutrition 83.6 (2006): 1283-1288.
36. Pojić, Milica, Aleksandra Mišan, and Brijesh Tiwari. Eco-innovative technologies for extraction of proteins for human consumption from renewable protein sources of plant origin. Trends in Food Science & Technology 75 (2018): 93-104.
37. Bielderman, I., et al. The potential double-burden of vitamin A malnutrition: under-and overconsumption of fortified table sugar in the Guatemalan highlands. European journal of clinical nutrition 70.8 (2016): 947-953.
38. De Medeiros, Pedro Henrique QS, et al. Modulation of intestinal immune and barrier functions by vitamin A: implications for current understanding of malnutrition and enteric infections in children. Nutrients 10.9 (2018): 1128.
39. Subramaniam, Girish, and Meenakshi Girish. Iron deficiency anemia in children. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics 82.6 (2015): 558-564.
40. Mantadakis, Elpis, Eleftherios Chatzimichael, and Panagiota Zikidou. Iron deficiency anemia in children residing in high and low-income countries: risk factors, prevention, diagnosis and therapy. Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 12.1 (2020).
41. de Souza Queiroz, Suzana, and A. de A. Marco. Anemia ferropriva na infância. Jornal de Pediatria 76.Supl 3 (2000): S299.
42. Pritwani, R., and P. Mathur. β-carotene content of some commonly consumed vegetables and fruits available in Delhi, India. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences 7.5 (2017): 1-7.

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Volume 12
Issue 2
Received July 26, 2022
Accepted August 8, 2022
Published September 15, 2022

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Import Substitute for Production of Ultrapure Water by Membrane Integrated Process for Medical and Biotechnological Applications

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The present invention discloses an inexpensive import substitute compact design of low-cost membrane process for the production of ultrapure water for dialysis and medical applications in different fields like pathological laboratories, biochemical analysis, sterilization and sanitation, dental and optical lens cleansers. The ultrapure water of demineralization (DM) process is related to the cascaded high- flux and high-selective membrane system for hyper permeation which is operated under the pressure of 3-7 kg/cm2 to generate DM water with total dissolved solids (TDS) of 0−2 ppm. The DM water system is designed for a capacity in the range of 25–60 L/h capacity and its salient features include compact design of the membrane assembly with higher effective membrane area per unit volume to ensure higher DM water recovery at relatively lower pressure compared to the existing reverse osmosis (RO) membrane system. The process pertaining to the present invention is more economical, low maintenance and highly effective compared to the conventional demineralization and more expensive demineralization membrane units currently available in the market. The configuration of the membrane modules adapted in the present invention is simple, easy to operate and useful for several biotechnological, biochemical, medical, and industrial applications shown as graphical sketch figure1.

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Volume :u00a0u00a011 | Issue :u00a0u00a03 | Received :u00a0u00a0November 14, 2021 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0December 10, 2021 | Published :u00a0u00a0December 29, 2021n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology(rrjobt)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue Import Substitute for Production of Ultrapure Water by Membrane Integrated Process for Medical and Biotechnological Applications under section in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology(rrjobt)] [/if 424]
Keywords Ultrapure water, demineralized water, cascaded design, membrane system, import substitute

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1. Canaud B, Peyronnet P, Armynot A, Nguyen Q, Attisso M, Mion C. Ultrapure water: a need for future dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1986; 1:110. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.2.179. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Ref list]
2. Canaud B and Lertdumrongluk P. Ultrapure Dialysis Fluid: A New Standard for Contemporary Hemodialysis.Nephrourol Mon. Summer. 2012; 4(3): 519–523.
3. https://www.business-standard.com/content/b2b-pharma/less-than-30-of-kidney-patients-manage- to-get-dialysis-in-india-study-117022800641_1.html
4. Goodkin DA, Bragg-Gresham JL, Koenig KG, Wolfe RA, Akiba T, Andreucci VE, Saito A, Rayner HC, Kurokawa K, Port FK, Held PJ, Young EW. Association of comorbid conditions and mortality in hemodialysis patients in Europe, Japan, and the United States: the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). J Am Soc Nephrol. Dec. 2003; 14(12):3270–7. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
5. Goodkin DA, Young EW, Kurokawa K, Prütz KG, Levin NW. Mortality among hemodialysis patients in Europe, Japan, and the United States: case-mix effects. Am J Kidney Dis. Nov.2004; 44(5 Suppl 2):16–21 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
6. Kenneth Research. Ultrapure Water Market By Overview, Demands, Growth, Competitive Insights and Precise Outlook 2030. The MarketWatch News Nov. 2021; AmericanNewsHour.https://www.kennethresearch.com
7. Ultrapure water purification system data and price. Connect2india.com
8. Import analysis and trends of ultrapure water system. Zauba.com
9. https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/ultrapure-water-market-88839327.html
10. ASTM D1193-06 (2011), Standard Specification for Reagent Water, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011, www.astm.org

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[if 424 not_equal=”Regular Issue”] Regular Issue[/if 424] Open Access Article

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Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology

ISSN: 2231-3826

Editors Overview

rrjobt maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

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    Nivedita Sahu, Sundergopal Sridhar

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nThe present invention discloses an inexpensive import substitute compact design of low-cost membrane process for the production of ultrapure water for dialysis and medical applications in different fields like pathological laboratories, biochemical analysis, sterilization and sanitation, dental and optical lens cleansers. The ultrapure water of demineralization (DM) process is related to the cascaded high- flux and high-selective membrane system for hyper permeation which is operated under the pressure of 3-7 kg/cm2 to generate DM water with total dissolved solids (TDS) of 0−2 ppm. The DM water system is designed for a capacity in the range of 25–60 L/h capacity and its salient features include compact design of the membrane assembly with higher effective membrane area per unit volume to ensure higher DM water recovery at relatively lower pressure compared to the existing reverse osmosis (RO) membrane system. The process pertaining to the present invention is more economical, low maintenance and highly effective compared to the conventional demineralization and more expensive demineralization membrane units currently available in the market. The configuration of the membrane modules adapted in the present invention is simple, easy to operate and useful for several biotechnological, biochemical, medical, and industrial applications shown as graphical sketch figure1.n

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Keywords: Ultrapure water, demineralized water, cascaded design, membrane system, import substitute

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology(rrjobt)]

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1. Canaud B, Peyronnet P, Armynot A, Nguyen Q, Attisso M, Mion C. Ultrapure water: a need for future dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1986; 1:110. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.2.179. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Ref list]
2. Canaud B and Lertdumrongluk P. Ultrapure Dialysis Fluid: A New Standard for Contemporary Hemodialysis.Nephrourol Mon. Summer. 2012; 4(3): 519–523.
3. https://www.business-standard.com/content/b2b-pharma/less-than-30-of-kidney-patients-manage- to-get-dialysis-in-india-study-117022800641_1.html
4. Goodkin DA, Bragg-Gresham JL, Koenig KG, Wolfe RA, Akiba T, Andreucci VE, Saito A, Rayner HC, Kurokawa K, Port FK, Held PJ, Young EW. Association of comorbid conditions and mortality in hemodialysis patients in Europe, Japan, and the United States: the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). J Am Soc Nephrol. Dec. 2003; 14(12):3270–7. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
5. Goodkin DA, Young EW, Kurokawa K, Prütz KG, Levin NW. Mortality among hemodialysis patients in Europe, Japan, and the United States: case-mix effects. Am J Kidney Dis. Nov.2004; 44(5 Suppl 2):16–21 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
6. Kenneth Research. Ultrapure Water Market By Overview, Demands, Growth, Competitive Insights and Precise Outlook 2030. The MarketWatch News Nov. 2021; AmericanNewsHour.https://www.kennethresearch.com
7. Ultrapure water purification system data and price. Connect2india.com
8. Import analysis and trends of ultrapure water system. Zauba.com
9. https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/ultrapure-water-market-88839327.html
10. ASTM D1193-06 (2011), Standard Specification for Reagent Water, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011, www.astm.org

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Volume 11
Issue 3
Received November 14, 2021
Accepted December 10, 2021
Published December 29, 2021

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Foliar Application of Zinc Nanoparticles Improves Photosynthetic Performance in Wheat Plants

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nJanuary 7, 2023 at 12:05 pm

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The present study investigated the impact of foliar spray of zinc oxide nanoparticles on physiological and biochemical reactions in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Foliar spray with zinc oxide nanoparticles at 10 mg/l positively increased pigment content and biomass in comparison to control while a significant reduction in chlorophyll content and biomass accumulation was observed at higher concentration of 1000 mg/l. A study of Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters at 10 mg/l showed an improved primary photochemistry in plants by improving the performance of water splitting complex at the donor side of Photosystem II. The number of active reaction centers per chlorophyll molecule increased by 31%. However, all these parameters were drastically decreased on subjecting plants to 1000 mg/l. In addition, higher concentration of nanoparticles induced oxidative stress in plants which resulted in significant increase in activities of antioxidants including peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. A study of lipid peroxidation showed a prominent increase by 20% in malondialdehyde content showing membrane instability in plant cells at 1000 mg/l. However, the activities of these antioxidants were decreased at 10 mg/l owing to low reactive oxygen species levels as compared to control. The results obtained present an important insight to the foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles as an alternative to current soil fertilization strategies to improve crop yield of wheat.

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Volume :u00a0u00a011 | Issue :u00a0u00a02 | Received :u00a0u00a0July 17, 2021 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0July 20, 2021 | Published :u00a0u00a0August 29, 2021n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology(rrjobt)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue Foliar Application of Zinc Nanoparticles Improves Photosynthetic Performance in Wheat Plants under section in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology(rrjobt)] [/if 424]
Keywords Zinc oxide nanoparticles, foliar spray, phytotoxic, photosynthesis, Chlorophyll a, fluorescence

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1. Arif M, Chohan MS, Ali S, Gul R, Khan S. Response of wheat to foliar application of nutrients. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science. 2006; 1(4): 30–34p.
2. Singh A, Singh NB, Afzal S, Singh T, Hussain I. Zinc oxide nanoparticles: A review of their biological synthesis, antimicrobial activity, uptake, translocation and biotransformation in plants. Journal of Material Sciences. 2018; 53(1): 185–201p.
3. Firdous S, Agarwal BK, Chhabra V. Zinc-fertilization effects on wheat yield and yield components. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2018; 7(2): 3497–3499p.
4. Alshaal T, El-Ramady H. Foliar Application: from Plant Nutrition to Biofortification. The Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security. 2017; 1: 71–83p. doi.org/10.21608/jenvbs.2017.1089.1006
5. Mahil ET, Kumar BA. Foliar application of nanofertilizers in agricultural crops – A review. Journal of Farm Science. 2019; 32(3): 239–249p.
6. Rizwan M, Ali S, Qayyum MF, Ok YS, Adrees M, Ibrahim M, Rehman MZ, Farid M, Abbas F. Effect of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles on growth and physiology of globally important food crops: A critical review. Journal of Hazardous Material. 2017; 322: 2–16p. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.061.
7. Abobatta WF. Nanotechnology Application in Agriculture. Acta Scientific Agriculture. 2018; 2(6): 99–102p.
8. Hong J, Wang C, Wagner DC, Gardey-Torresdey JL, He F, Reco CM. Foliar application of nanoparticles: Mechanisms of absorption, transfer, and multiple impacts. Environmental Science: Nano. 2021; 8: 1196–1210p. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EN01129K.
9. Khanm H, Vaishnavi BA, Shankar AG. Raise of nanofertilizer era: Effect of nano scale zinc oxide particles on the germination, growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2018; 7(5): 1861–1871p. doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.219
10. Dapkekar A, Deshpande P, Oak MD, Paknikar KM, Rajwade JM. Zinc use efficiency is enhanced in wheat through nanofertilization. Scientific Reports. 2018; 5(8): 1038p. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25247-5.
11. Rai-Kalal P, Jajoo A. Priming with zinc oxide nanoparticles improve germination and photosynthetic performance in wheat. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2021; 160: 341–351p. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.032.
12. Tarafdar JC, Raliya R, Mahawar H, Rathore I. Development of zinc nanofertilizer to enhance crop production in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum). Agricultural Research. 2014; 3(3): 257–262p. doi: 10.1007/s40003-014-0113-y.
13. Sharifan H, Moorie J, Ma X. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles elevated iron and copper contents and mitigated the bioavailability of lead and cadmium in different leafy greens. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2020; 191: 110177. doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110177
14. Du W, Tan W, Peralta-Videa, JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL, Ji R, Yin Y, Guo H. Interaction of metal oxide nanoparticles with higher terrestrial plants: physiological and biochemical aspects. Plant Physiology and Biochemmistry. 2017; 110: 210–225p. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.024.
15. Dhoke SK, Mahajan P, Kamble R, Khanna A. Effect of nanoparticle suspension on the growth of mung (Vigna radiata L.) seedlings by foliar spray method. Nanotechnology Development. 2013; 3(1): e1. doi: org/10.4081/nd.2013.e1.
16. Porra RJ, Thompson WA, Kriedemann PE. Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophylls a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Biochimica Biophysica Acta. 1989; 975: 384–394p. doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2728(89)80347-0
17. Tomar RS, Jajoo A. Photomodified fluoranthene exerts more harmful effects as compared to intact fluoranthene by inhibiting growth and photosynthetic processes in Wheat. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2015; 122: 31–36p.
18. Mathur S, Jajoo A. Investigating deleterious effects of UV radiation on Wheat (Triticum aestivum) by a quick method. Acta Physiol Plant. 2015; 37: 121–128p.
19. Beauchamp CO, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry. 1971; 44: 276–287p. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(71)90370-8.
20. Zhang FQ, Wang YS, Lou ZP. Effect of heavy metal stress on antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in leaves and roots of two mangrove plant seedlings (Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza). Chemosphere. 2007; 67: 44–50p. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.10.007.
21. Lowry OH, Rosebrough RJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1951; 193: 265–275p. doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6
22. Wang WN, Tarafdar JC, Biswas P. Nanoparticle synthesis and delivery by an aerosol route for watermelon plant foliar uptake. J Nanoparticle Res. 2013; 1417p. doi:10.1007/ s11051-013-1417 8.
23. Read TL, Doolette CL, Cresswell T, Howell NR, Aughterson R, Karatchevtseva I, Lombi E. Investigating the foliar uptake of zinc from conventional and nano-formulations. Environ Chemistry. 2019; 6: 459–469p.
24. Pinedo-Guerrero Z, Hernandez-Fuentes AD, Ortega-Ortiz H, Benavides-Mendoza A, Cadenas-Pliego G, Juarez-Maldonado A. Cu nanoparticles in hydrogels of chitosan-PVA affects the characteristics of postharvest and bioactive compounds of jalapeno pepper. Molecules. 2017; 22: 926p. doi.org/10.3390/molecules22060926
25. Tirani MM, Haghjou MM, Sulieman S, Ismaili A. Comparative evaluation of zinc oxide effects on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) grown in different media. Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology. 2018; 20: 787–802p.
26. Moura DJ, Peres VF, Jacques RA, Saffi J. Heavy metal toxicity, Oxidative stress parameters and DNA repair. In: Gupta DK (Ed.). Metal Toxicity in Plants: Perception, Signaling and Remediation. USA: Springer; 2012. 187–205p.
27. Mukherjee A, Sun Y, Morelius E, Tamez C, Bandyopadhyay S, Niu G, White JC, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Diferential toxicity of bareand hybrid ZnO nanoparticles in green pea (Pisum sativum L.): A life cycle study. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2016; 6: 1242p. doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpls.2015.01242
28. Chen M, Yang G, Sheng Y, Li P, Qiu H, Zhou X, Huang L, Chao Z. Glomus mosseae inoculation improves the root system architecture, photosynthetic efficiency and flavonoids accumulation of liquorice under nutrient stress. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2017; 8: 931p. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00931
29. Mathur S, Sharma MP, Jajoo A, Improved photosynthetic efficacy of maize (Zea mays) plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under high temperature stress. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. 2018; 180: 149–154p. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.02.002.
30. Srivastava A, Strasser RJ, Govindjee. Greening of peas (Pisum sativum L.): Parallel measurements of 77 K emission spectra, O-J-I-P chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, period four oscillation of the initial fluorescence level, delayed light emission and P700. Photosynthetica. 1999; 37(3): 653–692p.
31. Rossi L, Fedenia LN, Sharifan H, Ma X, Lombardini L. Effects of foliar application of zinc sulfate and zinc nanoparticles in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2018; 135: 1601–1666p. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.005.
32. Apel K, Hirt H. Reactive oxygen species: Metabolism, oxidative stress and signal transduction. Ann Rev Plant Biol. 2004; 55: 373–399p. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141701.
33. Sabir S, Arshad M, Chaudhari SK. Zinc oxide nanoparticles for revolutionizing agriculture: Synthesis and applications. The Scientific World Journal. 2014; 1–8p. doi.org/10.1155/2014/925494
34. Weisany W, Sohrabi Y, Heidari G, Siosemardeh A, Ghassemi-Golezani K. Changes in antioxidant enzymes activity and plant performance by salinity stress and zinc application in soybean (Glycine max L.). Plant Omics. 2012; 5: 60–67p.
35. Bettger WJ, O’Dell BL. Minireview: A critical physiological role of zinc in the structure and function of biomembranes. In: Semba RD (Ed). Handbook of Nutrition and Opthalmology. USA: Springer; 2007. 1425–1438p.

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ISSN: 2231-3826

Editors Overview

rrjobt maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

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    Prabha Rai Kalal, Ayushi Gupta, Anjana Jajoo

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  1. Doctoral Student, Masters Student,Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University,,India, India
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nThe present study investigated the impact of foliar spray of zinc oxide nanoparticles on physiological and biochemical reactions in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Foliar spray with zinc oxide nanoparticles at 10 mg/l positively increased pigment content and biomass in comparison to control while a significant reduction in chlorophyll content and biomass accumulation was observed at higher concentration of 1000 mg/l. A study of Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters at 10 mg/l showed an improved primary photochemistry in plants by improving the performance of water splitting complex at the donor side of Photosystem II. The number of active reaction centers per chlorophyll molecule increased by 31%. However, all these parameters were drastically decreased on subjecting plants to 1000 mg/l. In addition, higher concentration of nanoparticles induced oxidative stress in plants which resulted in significant increase in activities of antioxidants including peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. A study of lipid peroxidation showed a prominent increase by 20% in malondialdehyde content showing membrane instability in plant cells at 1000 mg/l. However, the activities of these antioxidants were decreased at 10 mg/l owing to low reactive oxygen species levels as compared to control. The results obtained present an important insight to the foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles as an alternative to current soil fertilization strategies to improve crop yield of wheat.n

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Keywords: Zinc oxide nanoparticles, foliar spray, phytotoxic, photosynthesis, Chlorophyll a, fluorescence

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1. Arif M, Chohan MS, Ali S, Gul R, Khan S. Response of wheat to foliar application of nutrients. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science. 2006; 1(4): 30–34p.
2. Singh A, Singh NB, Afzal S, Singh T, Hussain I. Zinc oxide nanoparticles: A review of their biological synthesis, antimicrobial activity, uptake, translocation and biotransformation in plants. Journal of Material Sciences. 2018; 53(1): 185–201p.
3. Firdous S, Agarwal BK, Chhabra V. Zinc-fertilization effects on wheat yield and yield components. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2018; 7(2): 3497–3499p.
4. Alshaal T, El-Ramady H. Foliar Application: from Plant Nutrition to Biofortification. The Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security. 2017; 1: 71–83p. doi.org/10.21608/jenvbs.2017.1089.1006
5. Mahil ET, Kumar BA. Foliar application of nanofertilizers in agricultural crops – A review. Journal of Farm Science. 2019; 32(3): 239–249p.
6. Rizwan M, Ali S, Qayyum MF, Ok YS, Adrees M, Ibrahim M, Rehman MZ, Farid M, Abbas F. Effect of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles on growth and physiology of globally important food crops: A critical review. Journal of Hazardous Material. 2017; 322: 2–16p. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.061.
7. Abobatta WF. Nanotechnology Application in Agriculture. Acta Scientific Agriculture. 2018; 2(6): 99–102p.
8. Hong J, Wang C, Wagner DC, Gardey-Torresdey JL, He F, Reco CM. Foliar application of nanoparticles: Mechanisms of absorption, transfer, and multiple impacts. Environmental Science: Nano. 2021; 8: 1196–1210p. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EN01129K.
9. Khanm H, Vaishnavi BA, Shankar AG. Raise of nanofertilizer era: Effect of nano scale zinc oxide particles on the germination, growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2018; 7(5): 1861–1871p. doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.219
10. Dapkekar A, Deshpande P, Oak MD, Paknikar KM, Rajwade JM. Zinc use efficiency is enhanced in wheat through nanofertilization. Scientific Reports. 2018; 5(8): 1038p. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25247-5.
11. Rai-Kalal P, Jajoo A. Priming with zinc oxide nanoparticles improve germination and photosynthetic performance in wheat. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2021; 160: 341–351p. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.032.
12. Tarafdar JC, Raliya R, Mahawar H, Rathore I. Development of zinc nanofertilizer to enhance crop production in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum). Agricultural Research. 2014; 3(3): 257–262p. doi: 10.1007/s40003-014-0113-y.
13. Sharifan H, Moorie J, Ma X. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles elevated iron and copper contents and mitigated the bioavailability of lead and cadmium in different leafy greens. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2020; 191: 110177. doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110177
14. Du W, Tan W, Peralta-Videa, JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL, Ji R, Yin Y, Guo H. Interaction of metal oxide nanoparticles with higher terrestrial plants: physiological and biochemical aspects. Plant Physiology and Biochemmistry. 2017; 110: 210–225p. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.024.
15. Dhoke SK, Mahajan P, Kamble R, Khanna A. Effect of nanoparticle suspension on the growth of mung (Vigna radiata L.) seedlings by foliar spray method. Nanotechnology Development. 2013; 3(1): e1. doi: org/10.4081/nd.2013.e1.
16. Porra RJ, Thompson WA, Kriedemann PE. Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophylls a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Biochimica Biophysica Acta. 1989; 975: 384–394p. doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2728(89)80347-0
17. Tomar RS, Jajoo A. Photomodified fluoranthene exerts more harmful effects as compared to intact fluoranthene by inhibiting growth and photosynthetic processes in Wheat. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2015; 122: 31–36p.
18. Mathur S, Jajoo A. Investigating deleterious effects of UV radiation on Wheat (Triticum aestivum) by a quick method. Acta Physiol Plant. 2015; 37: 121–128p.
19. Beauchamp CO, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry. 1971; 44: 276–287p. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(71)90370-8.
20. Zhang FQ, Wang YS, Lou ZP. Effect of heavy metal stress on antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in leaves and roots of two mangrove plant seedlings (Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza). Chemosphere. 2007; 67: 44–50p. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.10.007.
21. Lowry OH, Rosebrough RJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1951; 193: 265–275p. doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6
22. Wang WN, Tarafdar JC, Biswas P. Nanoparticle synthesis and delivery by an aerosol route for watermelon plant foliar uptake. J Nanoparticle Res. 2013; 1417p. doi:10.1007/ s11051-013-1417 8.
23. Read TL, Doolette CL, Cresswell T, Howell NR, Aughterson R, Karatchevtseva I, Lombi E. Investigating the foliar uptake of zinc from conventional and nano-formulations. Environ Chemistry. 2019; 6: 459–469p.
24. Pinedo-Guerrero Z, Hernandez-Fuentes AD, Ortega-Ortiz H, Benavides-Mendoza A, Cadenas-Pliego G, Juarez-Maldonado A. Cu nanoparticles in hydrogels of chitosan-PVA affects the characteristics of postharvest and bioactive compounds of jalapeno pepper. Molecules. 2017; 22: 926p. doi.org/10.3390/molecules22060926
25. Tirani MM, Haghjou MM, Sulieman S, Ismaili A. Comparative evaluation of zinc oxide effects on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) grown in different media. Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology. 2018; 20: 787–802p.
26. Moura DJ, Peres VF, Jacques RA, Saffi J. Heavy metal toxicity, Oxidative stress parameters and DNA repair. In: Gupta DK (Ed.). Metal Toxicity in Plants: Perception, Signaling and Remediation. USA: Springer; 2012. 187–205p.
27. Mukherjee A, Sun Y, Morelius E, Tamez C, Bandyopadhyay S, Niu G, White JC, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Diferential toxicity of bareand hybrid ZnO nanoparticles in green pea (Pisum sativum L.): A life cycle study. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2016; 6: 1242p. doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpls.2015.01242
28. Chen M, Yang G, Sheng Y, Li P, Qiu H, Zhou X, Huang L, Chao Z. Glomus mosseae inoculation improves the root system architecture, photosynthetic efficiency and flavonoids accumulation of liquorice under nutrient stress. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2017; 8: 931p. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00931
29. Mathur S, Sharma MP, Jajoo A, Improved photosynthetic efficacy of maize (Zea mays) plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under high temperature stress. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. 2018; 180: 149–154p. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.02.002.
30. Srivastava A, Strasser RJ, Govindjee. Greening of peas (Pisum sativum L.): Parallel measurements of 77 K emission spectra, O-J-I-P chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, period four oscillation of the initial fluorescence level, delayed light emission and P700. Photosynthetica. 1999; 37(3): 653–692p.
31. Rossi L, Fedenia LN, Sharifan H, Ma X, Lombardini L. Effects of foliar application of zinc sulfate and zinc nanoparticles in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2018; 135: 1601–1666p. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.005.
32. Apel K, Hirt H. Reactive oxygen species: Metabolism, oxidative stress and signal transduction. Ann Rev Plant Biol. 2004; 55: 373–399p. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141701.
33. Sabir S, Arshad M, Chaudhari SK. Zinc oxide nanoparticles for revolutionizing agriculture: Synthesis and applications. The Scientific World Journal. 2014; 1–8p. doi.org/10.1155/2014/925494
34. Weisany W, Sohrabi Y, Heidari G, Siosemardeh A, Ghassemi-Golezani K. Changes in antioxidant enzymes activity and plant performance by salinity stress and zinc application in soybean (Glycine max L.). Plant Omics. 2012; 5: 60–67p.
35. Bettger WJ, O’Dell BL. Minireview: A critical physiological role of zinc in the structure and function of biomembranes. In: Semba RD (Ed). Handbook of Nutrition and Opthalmology. USA: Springer; 2007. 1425–1438p.

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Volume 11
Issue 2
Received July 17, 2021
Accepted July 20, 2021
Published August 29, 2021

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Read More
RRJoBT

The Pre-domestic Approach: Insights from Capsicum pubescens and Gallus gallus Essays

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nAbstract

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Essays for the Pre-domestic Approach defined as organic, free-range and producer-consumer fair trade production of domesticated animals in association with plants of commercial relevance where the maximum potential of animal survival instinct thus genomic potential is favored by the producer have been carried out for Capsicum pubescens and Gallus gallus and an account of early results is presented for the reader. Although much research is required and will be carried out Capsicum pubescens and Gallus gallus can be produced together with care on Capsicum pubescens phenology to introduce birds in the system. Venture producers are invited to the initiative which 20ill theoretically displace the organic free-range fair-trade market. The concept of “Basement Genomes” is introduced to the scientific community of genetics and plant and animal breeders for genetic resources conservation of Homo sapiens domesticates and the genetic pool of our planet to be studied.

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Volume :u00a0u00a011 | Issue :u00a0u00a01 | Received :u00a0u00a0April 25, 2021 | Accepted :u00a0u00a0April 28, 2021 | Published :u00a0u00a0April 30, 2021n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology(rrjobt)] [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue The Pre-domestic Approach: Insights from Capsicum pubescens and Gallus gallus Essays under section in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology(rrjobt)] [/if 424]
Keywords Pre-domestic Approach, P-dA, Capsicum pubescens, Gallus gallus, “Basement Genomes”

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1. Vásquez EF, (2020). A Pre-domestic Approach for Farm Animal Production: Free Range,Resource-efficient, Organic-driven and Fair-trade-directed. International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and Applications. 6(1): 1-5
2. Jäger M, Jiménez A and Amaya K, (2013). The Chains of Value of Peruvian Native Peppers. Bioversity International, Rome, Italy. 1-51
3. SENAMHI, (—). Mannual of Phenologic Observations. SENAMHI, Lima, Peru. 1-99
4. Hernández E, (2016). Mannual for the Production of Manzano Chile in the Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo. Tula-Tepeji Technical University, Mexico. 1-36
5. López-Aranda BG and Vásquez EF, (2020). Fusarium sp. in Capsicum Pubescens (Rocoto): Redefining Host-Pathogen Interaction. International Journal of Plant Biotechnology. 6(1):18-22
6. Vásquez EF and Vásquez DA, (2017). A preliminary study for Cucurbita moschata (Loche) crop production under the Hydroponic Dutch Bucket System. Agrotechnology, 6:3 DOI:
10.4172/2168-9881.1000173
7. Permin A, et.al. (2002). Ecto-, endo- and haemoparasites in free-range chickens in the Gonomonzi District in Zimbabwe. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 54:213-224
8. Salam ST, et.al., (2009). Prevalence and seasonal variation of ectoparasite load in free-range chicken of Kashmir valley. Trop Anim Health Prod 41:1371-1376
9. Kaboudi K, et.al., (2016). Prevalence of Coccidiosis in Free-Range Chicken in Sidi Thabet, Tunisia. Scientifica 1-6 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7075195
10. Schoeters G and Hoogenboom R, (2005). Contamination of free-range chicken eggs with dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 50:908-914
11. Leyva-Ovalle OR, Andréz-Meza P, Del Valle-hernández D, et.al., (2018). Morphological characterization of manzano hot pepper (Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav.) landraces in the central region of Veracruz state, México. Revista Bio Ciencias 5:e388

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[if 424 not_equal=”Regular Issue”] Regular Issue[/if 424] Open Access Article

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Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology

ISSN: 2231-3826

Editors Overview

rrjobt maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.

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    Vásquez E.F.

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  2. [/foreach]

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  1. Biologist,Peruvian College of Biologists, Regional Council Lambayeque III (P.C.B. 14719), Lambayeque Region, Peru; Peruvian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology – PSBMB,Maryland,USA
  2. n[/if 1175][/foreach]

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Abstract

nEssays for the Pre-domestic Approach defined as organic, free-range and producer-consumer fair trade production of domesticated animals in association with plants of commercial relevance where the maximum potential of animal survival instinct thus genomic potential is favored by the producer have been carried out for Capsicum pubescens and Gallus gallus and an account of early results is presented for the reader. Although much research is required and will be carried out Capsicum pubescens and Gallus gallus can be produced together with care on Capsicum pubescens phenology to introduce birds in the system. Venture producers are invited to the initiative which 20ill theoretically displace the organic free-range fair-trade market. The concept of “Basement Genomes” is introduced to the scientific community of genetics and plant and animal breeders for genetic resources conservation of Homo sapiens domesticates and the genetic pool of our planet to be studied.n

n

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Keywords: Pre-domestic Approach, P-dA, Capsicum pubescens, Gallus gallus, “Basement Genomes”

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology(rrjobt)]

n[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue under section in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology(rrjobt)] [/if 424]

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References

n[if 1104 equals=””]

1. Vásquez EF, (2020). A Pre-domestic Approach for Farm Animal Production: Free Range,Resource-efficient, Organic-driven and Fair-trade-directed. International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and Applications. 6(1): 1-5
2. Jäger M, Jiménez A and Amaya K, (2013). The Chains of Value of Peruvian Native Peppers. Bioversity International, Rome, Italy. 1-51
3. SENAMHI, (—). Mannual of Phenologic Observations. SENAMHI, Lima, Peru. 1-99
4. Hernández E, (2016). Mannual for the Production of Manzano Chile in the Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo. Tula-Tepeji Technical University, Mexico. 1-36
5. López-Aranda BG and Vásquez EF, (2020). Fusarium sp. in Capsicum Pubescens (Rocoto): Redefining Host-Pathogen Interaction. International Journal of Plant Biotechnology. 6(1):18-22
6. Vásquez EF and Vásquez DA, (2017). A preliminary study for Cucurbita moschata (Loche) crop production under the Hydroponic Dutch Bucket System. Agrotechnology, 6:3 DOI:
10.4172/2168-9881.1000173
7. Permin A, et.al. (2002). Ecto-, endo- and haemoparasites in free-range chickens in the Gonomonzi District in Zimbabwe. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 54:213-224
8. Salam ST, et.al., (2009). Prevalence and seasonal variation of ectoparasite load in free-range chicken of Kashmir valley. Trop Anim Health Prod 41:1371-1376
9. Kaboudi K, et.al., (2016). Prevalence of Coccidiosis in Free-Range Chicken in Sidi Thabet, Tunisia. Scientifica 1-6 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7075195
10. Schoeters G and Hoogenboom R, (2005). Contamination of free-range chicken eggs with dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 50:908-914
11. Leyva-Ovalle OR, Andréz-Meza P, Del Valle-hernández D, et.al., (2018). Morphological characterization of manzano hot pepper (Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav.) landraces in the central region of Veracruz state, México. Revista Bio Ciencias 5:e388

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Regular Issue Open Access Article

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Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology

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[if 344 not_equal=””]ISSN: 2231-3826[/if 344]

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Volume 11
Issue 1
Received April 25, 2021
Accepted April 28, 2021
Published April 30, 2021

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Editor

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