Recent Trends and Techniques in the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) Protocol: A Comprehensive Review

Year : 2025 | Volume : 12 | Issue : 03 | Page : 9 15
    By

    Deepak,

  • Vikas Nehra,

  1. Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Deenbandu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology Murthal, Haryana, India
  2. Assistant Professor, ,Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Deenbandu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology Murthal, Haryana, India

Abstract

ARM has created the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) that is used as the main method for communication on chips in today’s embedded systems. Since AMBA is built to scale and combine with other components, it allows data transfer to high-performance and low-power components easily. The paper discusses how AMBA protocols have evolved and presents new trends of producing higher data rates, conserving energy, and lowering latency. This study offers a thorough analysis of AMBA protocols, emphasizing their design tenets, interoperability features, and useful implementation considerations. Through real-world use scenarios, comparative studies with various bus protocols are investigated, with a focus on integration problems, energy consumption, and performance indicators. To ensure dependable systems functioning in increasingly complex SoCs, the article also addresses important technological issues that designers must overcome, such as temporal closure, resource arbitration, and protocol verification. Looking into the recent advancements of the Advanced Extensible Interface (AXI), the multi-layer AHB, and their use with AI accelerators, applications, such as in Internet of Things, automotive, and edge computing, are touched on. Compared with other bus protocols it is done with real-life use to ensure its usefulness. Energy-conscious bus designs, scalable multi- layer interconnects, improved error detection and correction mechanisms, and methods for maximizing communication in heterogeneous multi-core and AI-driven architecture are just a few of the new research avenues and possible advancements that are described. This paper attempts to give researchers, engineers, and system architects useful advice for utilizing AMBA protocols in sophisticated embedded systems, guaranteeing scalability, high performance, and energy- efficient operation by combining historical development, recent advancements, real-world applications, and emerging trends. They look at protocol as well as interoperability aspects and provide information about the latest research toward future improvements in SoCs. Here, we describe recent advances and offer guidance to researchers and engineers who want to make use of AMBA in advanced ways.

Keywords: Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture; AMBA; AXI; AHB; APB; AI accelerators; IoT; automotive systems; SoC; embedded systems; edge computing; bus protocols; low latency; high throughput.

[This article belongs to Recent Trends in Electronics Communication Systems ]

How to cite this article:
Deepak, Vikas Nehra. Recent Trends and Techniques in the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) Protocol: A Comprehensive Review. Recent Trends in Electronics Communication Systems. 2025; 12(03):9-15.
How to cite this URL:
Deepak, Vikas Nehra. Recent Trends and Techniques in the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) Protocol: A Comprehensive Review. Recent Trends in Electronics Communication Systems. 2025; 12(03):9-15. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rtecs/article=2025/view=234147


References

  1.  Ravikumar E, Ganesha KB, Chethana CY, Roy TMP. Design and verification of Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) protocol. In: 2024 International Conference on Smart Systems for Applications in Electrical Sciences (ICSSES); 2024; Tumakuru, India. p. 1–5. doi:10.1109/ICSSES62373.2024.10561369
  2. L SB, Nakkala S, Vaddavalli T, Arja SS. Design and verification of AMBA AXI protocol. In: 2024 International Conference on Electronics, Computing, Communication and Control Technology (ICECCC); 2024; Bengaluru, India. p. 1–6. doi:10.1109/ICECCC61767.2024.10593998
  3.  Yadav SKK, Satyanarayana P, Krishna BV, Kesav Sai KR, A M, Krishnan VG. Design and implementation of AMBA-APB protocol for System-on-Chip (SoC) designs. In: 2024 Third International Conference on Distributed Computing and Electrical Circuits and Electronics (ICDCECE); 2024; Ballari, India. p. 1–5. doi:10.1109/ICDCECE60827.2024.10549635
  4.  Jain P, Rao S. Design and verification of Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture–Advanced Peripheral Bus (AMBA-APB) protocol. In: 2021 Third International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV); 2021; Tirunelveli, India. p. 462–7. doi:10.1109/ICICV50876.2021.9388549
  5. Kumar DP, Pande KS. A study on verification of APB protocol. In: 2024 5th International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC); 2024; Trichy, India. p. 530–4. doi:10.1109/ICOSEC61587.2024.10722101
  6.  Sangamnerkar KA, Kapse YD, Kolhare NR. Scalable design and implementation IP for Advanced Extensible Interface (AXI) protocol. In: 2023 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Advances in Electronics, Computers and Communications (ICAECC); 2023; Bengaluru, India. p. 1–5. doi:10.1109/ICAECC59324.2023.10560234
  7.  Rangeetha S, Pandithurai S, Prassath A, Reegan Cyril Raj A. Design and implementation of AHB to APB bridge and AHB to UART communication for SoC integration. In: 2024 2nd World Conference on Communication & Computing (WCONF); 2024; Raipur, India. p. 1–5. doi:10.1109/WCONF61366.2024.10692006
  8. Deeksha L, Shivakumar BR. Effective design and implementation of AMBA AHB bus protocol using Verilog. In: 2019 International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS); 2019; Palladam, India. p. 1–5. doi:10.1109/ISS1.2019.8907975
  9. Shrivastav A, Tomar GS, Singh AK. Performance comparison of AMBA bus-based system-on-chip communication protocol. In: 2011 International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies; 2011 Jun 3; India. p. 449–54. IEEE.
  10. Deshpande N, Sadakale R. AMBA AHB to APB bridge protocol verification using System Verilog. In: 2023 First International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Computational Intelligence (ICAEECI); 2023; Tiruchengode, India. p. 1–3. doi:10.1109/ICAEECI58247.2023.10370951
  11. Dukare P, Gokhale A, Ingale V. Development of AMBA ACE protocol. In: 7th International Conference on Computing in Engineering & Technology (ICCET 2022); 2022; Online. p. 222–5. doi:10.1049/icp.2022.0622
  12. K PN, V D, A M, R SK, S E. Design and verification of AMBA AXI3 protocol for high speed communication. In: 2022 Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics (STCR); 2022; Sathyamangalam, India. p. 1–5. doi:10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009388
  13. Makni M, Baklouti M, Niar S, Abid M. Performance exploration of AMBA AXI4 bus protocols for wireless sensor networks. In: 2017 IEEE/ACS 14th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA); 2017; Hammamet, Tunisia. p. 1163–9. doi:10.1109/AICCSA.2017.26
  14. C HV. Verification of burst transfers in AMBA5-AHB protocol. In: 2022 International Interdisciplinary Humanitarian Conference for Sustainability (IIHC); 2022; Bengaluru, India. p. 41–5. doi:10.1109/IIHC55949.2022.10060440
  15. Giridhar P, Choudhury P. Design and verification of AMBA AHB. In: 2019 1st International Conference on Advanced Technologies in Intelligent Control, Environment, Computing & Communication Engineering (ICATIECE); 2019; Bangalore, India. p. 310–5. doi:10.1109/ICATIECE45860.2019.9063856
  16. Phadke R, Madhavan S, Kumar C, Kumar P, N NB, Radder NB. A novel bus controller for Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture. In: 2022 IEEE 2nd Mysore Sub Section International Conference (MysuruCon); 2022; Mysuru, India. p. 1–6. doi:10.1109/MysuruCon55714.2022.9972376
  17. Gaikwad N, Patil VN. Verification of AMBA AXI on-chip communication protocol. In: 2018 Fourth International Conference on Computing Communication Control and Automation (ICCUBEA); 2018; Pune, India. p. 1–5. doi:10.1109/ICCUBEA.2018.8697587
  18. Kommineni A, Gundu MK, Kim Y, Jadhav S. Design & verification of AMBA AHB-Lite memory controller. In: 2023 IEEE 13th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC); 2023; Las Vegas, NV, USA. p. 1307–12. doi:10.1109/CCWC57344.2023.10099257
  19. Math SS, Manjula RB, Manvi SS, Kaunds P. Data transactions on system-on-chip bus using AXI4 protocol. In: 2011 International Conference on Recent Advancements in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering (ICONRAEeCE); 2011; Sivakasi, India. p. 423–7. doi:10.1109/ICONRAEeCE.2011.6129797
  20. Rawat K, Sahni K, Pandey S. RTL implementation for AMBA ASB APB protocol at system-on-chip level. In: 2015 2nd International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN); 2015; Noida, India. p. 927–30. doi:10.1109/SPIN.2015.7095347
Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 12
Issue 03
Received 25/07/2025
Accepted 29/08/2025
Published 13/12/2025
Publication Time 141 Days
223

Login


My IP

PlumX Metrics