Dystocia in Dairy Cattle: Causes, Consequences, and Preventive Measures for Improved Reproductive Health and Productivity

Year : 2026 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 02 | Page : 14 33
By

Md. Emran Hossain,

  1. Professor, Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh

Abstract

Dystocia, or calving difficulty, is a significant reproductive challenge in dairy cattle, with far-reaching impacts on animal health, productivity, and farm economics. This review paper comprehensively explores the primary causes, consequences, and effective preventive measures associated with dystocia in dairy cows. Dystocia arises from a complex interplay of genetic, physiological, environmental, and management-related factors, including breed predisposition, maternal and fetal size, pelvic structure, and gestational nutrition. The consequences of dystocia extend beyond the immediate calving process, encompassing increased risks of postpartum complications, reduced milk yield, impaired fertility, and elevated calf morbidity and mortality. Additionally, dystocia presents welfare concerns and economic losses due to increased labor, veterinary intervention, and reduced productive lifespan. The review further examines evidence-based preventive strategies, such as selective breeding for calving ease, optimized nutritional management, and timely calving interventions, aimed at reducing dystocia incidence and enhancing reproductive health. By synthesizing recent research and practical approaches, this paper provides dairy producers, veterinarians, and researchers with insights to support effective management practices for minimizing dystocia and its associated impacts in dairy cattle.

Keywords: Dairy cattle, dystocia, economic impact, genetics, management practices, reproductive health, welfare

[This article belongs to Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology ]

How to cite this article: Md. Emran Hossain. Dystocia in Dairy Cattle: Causes, Consequences, and Preventive Measures for Improved Reproductive Health and Productivity. Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology. 2026; 15(02):14-33.
How to cite this URL: Md. Emran Hossain. Dystocia in Dairy Cattle: Causes, Consequences, and Preventive Measures for Improved Reproductive Health and Productivity. Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology. 2026; 15(02):14-33. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjodst/article=2026/view=248911

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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 15
Issue 02
Received 19/05/2026
Accepted 29/06/2026
Published 30/06/2026
Publication Time 42 Days

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