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nThe concept of Tabi’at is unique to Unani system of medicine. It is body’s internal resistance to combat diseases and to fight against infections. Unani system of medicine lay emphasis on the preservation of health based on the concept of Asbab-e-Sitta Zarooriya (six essential factors) which affects an individual’s health and general conditions. If these are in harmony then there is health and if the harmony among them is disturbed then the disease may occur. So, in the present paper an emphasis on the role of six essential factors of life for the maintenance of Tabi’at at equilibrium was discussed with scientific paradigm.n

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1. Ahmad I. Introduction to al-Umoor al Tabi’yah (Principles of human physiology in Tibb). New Delhi, India: CCRUM, Department of AYUSH, Ministry of H & F.W. Government of India; 2009. 5p, 12p, 17p, 32p, 35p, 75p, 82p.
2. Ahmad I. Kulliyate Asri. Delhi, India: New Public Press; 1983. 34–83p.
3. Ibn Sina AAHIA. Al-Qanoon Fil Tibb (Urdu Translation by Kantoori HGH). New Delhi, India: Aijaz Publication House; 2010. 97–98p.
4. Nasiruddin M, Zulkifle M, Khan Y. Asbab-e-Sitta Zaruriyya (six essential factors): An Unique tool for the maintenance of human health. International Journal of Herbal Medicine. 2015; 3(4): 22–24p.
5. Britannica. (2021). Unani Medicine. [Online] Britannica. Available at https://www.britannica.com/science/Unani-medicine#ref306594
6. Siddiquee K. Unani Medicine in India. New Delhi, India: CCRUM; 2009.
7. Qadeer A. Tarikhe tib wa akhlaqyyaat. New Delhi, India: National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language; 2005.
8. Razi MBZ. Kitabul Murshid. 1st edition. New Delhi, India: Turki Urdu Bewaru; 2000. 82p.
9. Ibn Sina AAHIA. Kulliyat-e-Qanoon (Urdu Translation by Kabiruddin HM). Part2. New Delhi, India: Aijaz Publication House; 2006. 238–239p, 243–246p.
10. Ilahi A, Ansari AH, Zulkifle M, Muti MA. Association of exercise, sleep habits, bathing and house status in the genesis of central nervous system disorder. Hamdard Medicus. 2012; 55(3): 33p.
11. Sana SH. Holistic approach of Unani medicine: Integrating basic concepts of Unani medicine and health perspective. International Journal of Research and Review. 2019; 6(8): 63–66p.
12. Park K. Park’s text book of preventive and social medicine. 25th edition. Jabalpur, India: M/s Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers; 2019. 13p, 14p, 109p, 401p, 791p.
13. Kirmani NI. Kulliyat-e-Nafeesi, Vol 1 & 2 (Translation and Elaboration by Hakim Kabiruddin). Urdu Bazar, Lahore: Matbua’ate Sulaimani; 1994. 18p, 19p, 23p, 31p, 32p, 84p, 188p, 189p, 214p, 234p.
14. Ahmad F (Alig). Six essential factors and health. International Journal of Unani and Integrative Medicine. 2019; 3(1): 29–36p.
15. Tabri R. YNM: Firdosul-Hikmat. Karachi, Pakistan: Hamdard Foundation Press; 1981. 33p, 282p, 327p, 343p, 368p, 383p.
16. Razi AB. Kitabul-Hawi. Hydrabad, India: Daeratul Maarif Al-Usmaniya; 1958. 7p, 8p, 11p, 12p, 14p, 27p, 68p, 90p.
17. Zaid H, Said O, Hadieh B, Kmail A, Saad B. Diabetes prevention and treatment with Greco-Arab and Islamic-based natural products. JAMIA. 2011; 15(1): 19–38p.
18. Ahmad HIS. Introduction to Al-Umur Al-Tabiyah. 1st edition. New Delhi, India: CCRUM; 1980. 33p, 162p.
19. Razi AMIZ. Kitabul Hawi. New Delhi, India: CCRUM; 2007.
20. Ibn Sina AAHIA. Al-Qanun Fil Tibb (English Translation of the Critical Arabic Text). New Delhi, India: Jamia Hamdard; 1993. 318–319p.
21. Brenner I, Shek PN, Shephard RJ. Infection in athletes. Sports Med. 1993; 17: 86–107p.
22. Majoosi AIA. Kamilus-Sanāa Mataba Munshi Nawal Kishore. Lucknow, India: 1889. 19p, 203p, 205p, 228p, 237p, 271p, 272p, 282p, 286p, 288p, 292p, 293p.
23. IbnSina IA. Kulliyat-e-Qanoon. Vol 1 & 2 (Translation and Elaboration) by Hakim Kabiruddin, Hyderabad, India: Rekhta Books; 1954. 70p, 80p, 82p, 109p, 110p, 125p, 126p, 145p, 155p, 158p, 167p, 168p, 174p, 179p, 181p, 182p, 193p, 230p, 268p, 269p, 271p, 298p, 313p, 781p, 786p.
24. Harwi MBY. Ain Al-Hayat (Urdu Translation by Rahman HSZ). Aligarh, India: Ibn Sina Academy; 2008.
25. Nafīs BU. Kulliyyāt-e-Nafīsi (Urdu Translation by HM Kabiruddin). New Delhi, India: Idāra Kitāb-us–Shifa; 1954.
26. Shephard RJ, Shek PN. Exercise and infection. Clin J Sports Med. 1993; 3: 75–77p.
27. Shephard RJ, Verde TJ, Thomas SG, Shek P. Physical activity and the immune system. Can J Sport Sci. 1991; 16: 163–185p.
28. McLeod S. (2010). Stress, illness and the immune system. [Online] Simply Psychology. Available at http://www.simplypsychology.org/stress-immune.html
29. Jamil AW. Tauzihaat-e-Asbab-e-Sitta Zarooriya. New Delhi, India: Bharat Offset Printers; 2006. 51p, 63p, 65p, 127p.
30. Donatelle RJ. Acess to Health. 7th edition. New York: Benjamin Cummings; 2002. 46–47p.
31. Tipo FA, Khan TN, Khanam B. Conceptual explanation of Asbab-e-Sitta Zarooriya (six essentials), their effect on vital heat and human health, A Unani perspective. IJPNPE. 2019; 4(1): 570–573p.
32. Sahal MA. Kitabul Mia’h. New Delhi, India: CCRUM; 2008. 46p, 52p, 85p, 93p, 242p.
33. IbnRushd AW. YNM: Kitab-ul-Kulliyat. New Delhi, India: CCRUM; 1987. 163p, 355p, 365p.
34. WebMD. (2021). Healthy Sleep Health Centre. [Online] WebMD. Available at http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/excessive-sleepiness10/immune-system-lack-of-sleep
35. Khan MA. Al-Akseer (Urdu transalation by kabeeruddin M). Vol 2. New Delhi, India: Ejaz Publication House; 2003. 916–920p.

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nAreca tea of Nivedan Nimpe is trending among diabetic group as preventive and curative diet. Areca Catechu is one of the Indian homoeopathic drugs. There is no authentic literature source to indicate the action of Areca against diabetes, so authors have investigated immediate action on blood sugar level among healthy individuals. Selection of volunteers was done on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Volunteers were randomly divided into three groups—study group had 25 volunteers, positive control group had 10 volunteers (Areca tea), and negative control group had 10 volunteers (without medicine). The differences between the three groups were not found to be significant after statistical analysis, using repeated measure ANOVA.n

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1. Walker BR, Colledge NR, Ralston SH, Penman I. Davidson’s Principles & Practice of Medicine. 22nd edition. UK: Churchill Livingstone; 2014. 797p.
2. Power AC. Diabetes Mellitus. In: Fauci A, Braunwald E, Kasper D, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. Harrison Principle of Internal Medicine, Volume II. 17th edition. USA: McGraw Hill Medical Companies; 2008. 2275p.
3. Nevedan Nempe. (2017). Areca tea. [Online] Nevedan Nempe. Available at https://arecatea.in/about nevedan nempe the founder of areca tea [Cited on 2020 Sept 29].
4. Pharmacopoeia Committee, Government of India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Homoeopathic Pharmacopeia of India. Coimbatore, India: Controller of Publications; 2016. 22p.
5. Boericke W. Pocket manual of Homoeopathic Materia Medica Comprising the Characteristic and Guiding Symptoms of All Remedies: 09th reprinted Ed. New Delhi, India: B. Jain Publishers (P)Ltd.; 2016. 79p.
6. Henry CJ. A Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica, 34th impression. New Delhi, India: B Jain Publishers (P)Ltd.; 2017. 156–157p.
7. Shivanand B, Maria D, Raj PBP. A Comparative pharmaceutical analysis on different extract of Areca catechu by maceration & percolation with Areca tea. Research & Reviews: A Journal Pharmaceutical Science. 2020; 11(3): 42 47p.
8. Johnson FM, Dhivya M, Pinto HR. Investigating the action of Rauwolfia serpentina Ѳ, 6C, and 30C on blood pressure in healthy individuals. Int J Hom Sci. 2021; 5(1): 35 41p.
9. The Doctoral Journey. (2013). Repeated measure ANOVA. [Online] The Doctoral Journey. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6T6dvrwDe_U [Cited on 2020 Dec 1].

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nWaja-ul-Mafasil (Osteoarthritis) also known as degenerative arthritis is a progressive joint disease, occurring in middle and later life. Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of disability worldwide despite its development in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. A comprehensive description of Waja-ul-Mafasil is available in classical Unani literature. While going through the literature review of various compendiums written by Unani scholars, it is clear that this system of medicine had huge knowledge about its etio- pathogenesis, classification, clinical features, complications, and management in their treatises. According to the unani system of medicine their etiologies are completely based on Disturbance or alter the quality of temperament and quantity of humours which disturb homeostasis and lead to production of morbid humours. Ancient Unani scholars have been treating these ailments successfully since antiquity. The principle of treatment is restoring the normal temperament and evacuation of morbid matter through Imaala (diversion) and Istafragh (evacuation). They have also disclosed a compendium of local applications such as Roghaniyat, Zimadaat for the treatment of Wajaul- Mafasil. In this paper, authors have tried to illuminate the holistic notion of this disease along with the treatment as mentioned in classics of Unani medicine.n

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1. Hochberg, M.C., Altman, R.D., April, K.T., Benkhalti, M., Guyatt, G., McGowan, J., Towheed, T., Welch, V., Wells, G. and Tugwell, P., 2012. American College of Rheumatology 2012 recommendations for the use of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies in osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee. Arthritis care & research, 64(4), pp.465-474.
2. Ahmed K. Tarjuma Sharahe Asbab ma’ahashiya Sharif Khan Wa Mamoolate Matab. Vol.3. New Delhi: CCRUM, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India; 2010. 397- 414 p.
3. Mathers, C.D., Stein, C., Ma Fat, D., Rao, C., Inoue, M., Tomijima, N., Bernard, C., Lopez, A.D. and Murray, C.J., 2002. Global Burden of Disease 2000: Version 2 methods and results. Geneva: World Health Organization.
4. Silman, A.J. and Hochberg, M.C., 2001. Epidemiology of the rheumatic diseases (No. Ed. 2). Oxford University Press.
5. Azad CS, Singh AK, Pandey P, Singh M, Chaudhary P, Tia N et al. OSTEOARTHRITIS IN INDIA: AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECT. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research 2017; 10(8) pp. 20918-20922
6. Azad CS, Singh AK, Singh M, Pandey P, Neelam, Pritee et al. Epidemiology of Osteoarthritis and its association with ageing. International research journal of Management, Science and Technology 2015; 6(10):21-39
7. Jurjani AH. Zakheerae Khwarzam Shahi (Urdu translation by Khan HH). New Delh: Idara Kitabus Shifa; 2010. 637-650 p.
8. Majoosi AA. Kamilus Sanah. Vol.1. (Urdu translation by Kantoori GH) New Delhi: Idara Kitabus Shifa; 2010. 508-514,543-46 p.
9. Sina I. Al Qanoon Fit Tib. (Translated by Ghulam Husnain Kantoori). New Delhi: Ejaz publication housing; 2010. 1119-1132 p.
10. Razi AZ. Kitab ul Hawi. Vol.XI. (Urdu Translation by CCRUM). New Delhi. Ministry of health and family welfare, Govt. of India; 2004. 75-187 p.
11. Arzani A. Tibbe Akbar. New Delhi: Adara e Kitbusshifa (year of publication not mention); 617-624 p.
12. Khan MA. Al Akseer. Vol II (Urdu translation by Hk Kabeeruddin). New Delhi: Aijaz publication house; 2003. 1430-1448 p.
13. Akbar M. Meezan ut Tib. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Qomi council bara e farogh urdu zaban; 2002. 229-232 p.
14. ChandPuri K. Maujazul qanoon. 3rd ed. Qomi council barae farogh urdu zaban; 1998. 403-408 p.
15. Nayab M. Clinical Study on Effect of Hijamat (Cupping Therapy) In the Management of Waja ul Mafasil. Dissertation: Bangalore. RGUHS; 2007. P.7-14.
16. Baig MG, Mohd AQ, Javed AS, Shaikh I, Mohammad S, Zaheer A et.al. Concept and management of Waja-ul-Mafasil (arthritis) in Greco Arabic medicine – an overview. Int J Cur Res Rev 2014 October; Vol 6(20):41-46.
17. Tabri R. Firdous ul Hikmat. New Dehli: CCRUM, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India; 2010. 634-637 p.
18. Khan MA. Haziq. Delhi: Hindustani Dawakhana; (edition year not mention). 373-375p.
19. Hamdani KH. Usool e Tib. New Delhi: Qomi council barae farogh urdu zaban; 400-80 p.
20. AM, K., 2009. Tarjuma wa Shrah Kulliyate Nafeesi. New Delhi: Idare Kitabul Shifa, 278, pp.424-427.
21. Hubl IB. Kitabul Mukhtarat Fittib. Vol 4. New Delhi: Urdu translation by CCRUM; 2007. 79-96 p.
22. Kabiruddin M. Bayaze Kabeer. New Dehli: Idarae Kitabus shifa; 2010. 30, 37, 50, 57, 88, 94, 176, 177, 179, 80, 89-93 p.
23. Anonymous. Qarabadeene Majidi. New Delhi: Aala Printing press;(Year not Mention)304,326,330,315,314,331,52,70,114 p.

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nHaemorrhoids are one of the most prevalent diseases with significant impact on quality of life. Haemorrhoids commonly known as piles are defined as swollen, inflammed veins around the anus or the lower part of rectum. The most common symptom of haemorrhoids is rectal bleeding and discomfort before or after bowel movements. According to the Unani Physicians, the most common cause of the haemorrhoids is the accumulation of the abnormal melancholic humour and the persons with melancholic temperament are very prone to this disease. Management of haemorrhoids is diverse ranging from conservative, pharmacological to surgical interventions. In Unani System of Medicine, the line of treatment to follow in such diseases is the evacuation of abnormal excessive accumulated humour by concoctive and laxative therapy. In this review, the author will discuss the causes, classification, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and management of haemorrhoids in unani system of medicine.n

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1. Khan A. M. Akseer Azam. Idara Kitab al Shifa, New Delhi. January 2011:661-672.
2. kantoori sahib Hasnain ghulam. Kamil-u-sana. Idara Kitab al Shifa, New Delhi. January 2010:516-518.
3. Samarkandi Najeebdin. Sharah Asbaab. sharah asbaab. Idara Kitab al Shifa, New Delhi. October 2009: 530-537.
4. Zehar Ibn Malik abdul. Kitab ul taseer. Urdu Translation: Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine. New Delhi. 1996:152-153.
5. P.C. kousar. Moujazul qanoon.Turky urdu bearue, New dehli.1984:352-354.
6. Qurshi hasan Mohd. Jamia ul hikmat.Aijaz publishing house, New dehli.2011:786-793.
7. Jeelani Ghulam Hakeem.Mukhzanul hikmat.Aijaz publishing house, New dehli.1996. 581-585.
8. Arzani Akbar. Tib akbar. Urdu translation by Hakeem mohd hussain. Faisal publications, jamia masjid deoband. 388-390.
9. Ibn sina. Al Qanoon Fil Tib (Urdu translation by Kantoori GH). Idara kitabul shifa, New dehli. 2010. 985-990.
10. Raazi zakariya. Kitab-ul haawi.Urdu translation: central council for research in unani medicine.2004: vol:11. 27-68.
11. Arzani Akbar mohd. Qurabdeen qadri.Urdu translation; central council for research in unani medicine.2009.536-573.
12. Qurabdeen sarkari. central council for research in unani medicine.2006. 74.
13. Azmi ahmad waseem. Murakabaat Advia; idara kitab us shifa. New delhi. Feb. 2010: vol:1.108,109,179,545.
14. Kareem noor mohd. kimiyai Anasiri. Urdu translation of Qarabadeen Qadri. central council for research in unani medicine.2004.506-521.

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nThe Immune systems protect the host in opposition to infectious and poisonous diseases and guard from contagious agents present in the environment, such as viruses, fungi, bacteria, and parasites. Blood performs an essential position in enhancing immunity because of the arrival of white blood cells or tissues that combat in opposition to infectious diseases. Sometimes they are not able to understand those organisms. Due to this reason, we want to reinforce immunity with a balanced diet that consists of essential nutrients. Newly developed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) passed off in December 2019, referred to as coronavirus sickness seemed in Wuhan, Hubei Province, in China and later daily unfold everywhere in the international nearly 88 international locations suffering from this virus. Symptoms have ranged from moderate to extreme. Serious sign and symptoms are issue in respiratory lack of speech and chest ache or pressure, in addition to the detrimental impact at the immune system, that’s why human beings with the weaker immune system can also additionally cause demise. Still, there is no vaccine in opposition to this sickness, however this could be managed with the aid of using eating wholesome diets to reinforce the immune system. Food has usually been a simple need of individual; however, it was understood only as a source of energy that is important for their survival. In the history of medicine, Unani medicine is one of the very first systems of medicine which emphasize the importance of food beyond the source for the maintenance of health and established the notion of akhlat and food. Increase dairy food intakes like colostrum, yogurt, and cheese or fermented dairy drinks; devour culmination and veggies, cereals, herbs and spices, functional and nutraceutical meals to bolster the immune system. Citrus culmination which are the richest supply of vitamin-C, performs a critical position in immuneboosting because of its antioxidant properties and combat in opposition to infectious diseases. Limit the quantity of salt, sugar, and fiber; devour masses of water to preserve hydrated, wash arms keep away from assembly or gatherings.n

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34. Ministry of AYUSH recommends the following self-care guidelines for preventive health measures and boosting immunity. https:// www.ayush.gov.in/docs/123.pdf
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36. Ahmad al-Hasan Jurjani. Zakhira Khwar zam Shahi Vol. 3 (Part-10). Urdu Translation by Hakim Hadi Husain Khan. Munshi Nawal Kishore, Lucknow. 1878. p. 1796.
37. The medical importance of Cydonia oblonga- A review Prof Dr Ali Esmail Al- Snafi Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi qar University, Nasiriyah, P O Box, 42, Iraq IOSR Journal of Pharmacy. www.iosrphr.org (e)-ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-ISSN: 2319-4219 Volume 6, Issue 6 Version. 2 (June 2016), PP. 87-99
38. Hamauzu Y, Yasui H, Inno T, Kume C, Omanyuda M. Phenolic profile, antioxidant property, and anti-influenza viral activity of Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis Schneid.), quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.), and apple (Malus domestica Mill.) fruits. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Feb 23;53(4):928-34.
39. Hong EH, Song JH, Kang KB, et al. Anti-influenza activity of betulinic acid from on influenza A/PR/8 virus. Biomol Ther. 2015;23(4):345–349. doi:10.4062/biomolther.2015.019
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47. Anonymous, 2013, Essential Drugs List-Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, New Delhi, 2-4.
48. National Formulary of Unani Medicine, Part-1. New Delhi: MOHFW. 2006, p-190.

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