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u00a0Clement Urinzwenimana, Rob Melis, Julia Sibiya,
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nJanuary 10, 2023 at 9:31 am
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nAbstract
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Ascochyta blight (Phoma exigua var. diversispora (Bubak) Boerema) causes a severe, rapidly developing disease on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that can bring about complete plant defoliation and extensive yield loss. Studies were conducted in Rwanda to quantify the yield loss attributed to bean ascochyta blight on 64 common bean genotypes including bush and climbing. Using a split plot design, trials were conducted at three locations, where ascochyta disease is prevalent. The different genotypes used had variable levels of susceptibility and were compared with resistant genotypes ICTA Hunapu and ASC 87 for bush type and G 35034 G 35306 for climber type. The results obtained showed that market class genotypes recorded higher disease severity and higher yield losses compared to the controls. There was a strong positive correlation between the Relative Area Under Disease Progress Curve (RAUDPC) values and yield losses. It was also established that as a result of the ascochyta, the yield of a susceptible genotype is reduced by about 69%. The pod infection had a direct effect on seed yield for both bush and climbers. However, the bush genotypes showed larger reduction in yield as compared to climbers. The study suggests the use of desirable resistant genotypes as the best way of reducing yield loss caused by ascochyta blight.
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Keywords Ascochyta blight, common bean, diseases severity, Phaseolus vulgaris L., yield loss
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References
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1. Allen D, Ampofo J, Wortman C. Pests, diseases and nutritional disorders of the common bean in Africa: A field guide. CIAT Publication No. 260. International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, Colombia, 1996.
2. Allen DJ, Ampofo JKO, Wortmann CS. Pests, diseases, and nutritional disorders of the common bean in Africa: A field guide. CIAT, 1996.
3. Campbell CL, Madden LV. Introduction to plant disease epidemiology. John Wiley & Sons, 1990.
4. Boerema G, Crueger G, Gerlagh M, Nirenberg H. Phoma exigua var. diversispora, and Related Fungi on Phaseolus Beans. Zeitschrift fuer Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 1981; 88: 597–607.
5. Rwanda Agricultural Research Institute (ISAR). Annual report. Kigali. 1985, 112–120.
6. Rwanda Agricultural Research Institute (ISAR). Activity review, Bean program. Kigali, 2011, 1–8.
7. Bailey J. Recognition events associated with specific interactions between plants and pathogenic fungi. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Pathogen Interactions. Clarendon Press Oxford, UK. 1991, 210–224.
8. Beebe S, Corrales MP, Schoonhoven AV, Voysest O. Breeding for disease resistance. In: Common beans research for crop improvement, 1991, 561–617.
9. Corrales MAP, Van Schoonhoven A. Standard system for the evaluation of bean germplasm. CIAT, 1987.
10. Schwartz H, Correa V, Pineda D, Mercedes Otoya M, Katherman M. Common bean yield losses caused by ascochyta, angular, and white leaf spots in Colombia. Plant Dis. 1981; 112: 102–121.
11. Da Silva MB, Do Vale FXR, Zambolim L, Hau B, Filho AB, De Paula T. Relationships between disease severity (Angular Leaf Spot, Rust and Anthracnose), Health leaf area, Health leaf area absortion and yield on common beans. Annual report bean improvement cooperative. 2003; 46: 163–164.
12. Seijas C, Sartorato A, Carvalho J. Yield losses in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) caused by angular leaf spot (Isariopsis griseola Sacc.). Bean Improvement Cooperative. Annual Report, 1985; 28: 5–6.
13. Hall R. Compendium of bean diseases. American Phytopathological Society, 1991.
14. Rivera Canales JM. Yield losses, chemical control, and epidemiology of fungal leaf blights on seed corn in Iowa, 1993.
15. Waggoner PE, Berger RD. Defoliation, disease, and growth. Phytopathology. 1987; 77: 393–398.
16. Wortmann CS, Kirkby RA, Eledu CA, Allen DJ. Atlas of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Africa CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 1998.
17. Hartung K, Piepho H-P. Are ordinal rating scales better than percent ratings? A statistical and psychological view. Euphytica. 2007; 155: 15–26.
18. van Schoonhoven A. Common beans: research for crop improvement. CIAT, 1991.
19. Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB). (2013). Annual Report. Kigali. 26–36. Available at: http://rab.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/Reports/Annual_Report/RAB-Annual_ report___2012_2013.pdf.
20. Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources Republic of Rwanda (MINAGRI). (2014). Annual Report Fiscal Year 2013/2014. Kigali. 9. Available at: https://www.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/ user_upload/Minagri/Publications/Annual_Reports/Annual_Report_FY_2013_2014.pdf .
21. Abadio A, Lima S, Santana M, Salomão T, Sartorato A, Mizubuti E, et al. Genetic diversity analysis of isolates of the fungal bean pathogen (Pseudocercospora griseola) from central and southern Brazil. Genet Mol Res. 2012; 11: 1272–1279.
22. Gaunt R. The relationship between plant disease severity and yield. Ann Rev Phytopathol. 1995; 33: 119–144.
23. Hughes G, Madden L. The determination of yield losses with aggregated patterns of diseased or missing plants. Exercises in Plant Disease Epidemiology. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN: 1997, 156–160.
24. Schmit V, Baudoin JP. Screening for resistance to ascochyta blight in populations of Phaseolus coccineus L. and P. polyanthus Greenman. Field Crops Res. 1992; 30: 155–165.
25. FAOSTAT. FAO statistical data base for Agriculture, 2013.
26. Gahakwa D, Asiimwe T, Nabahungu NL, Mutimura M, Isibo T, Mutaganda A, Ngaboyisonga C. A Decade of Agricultural Research in Rwanda: Achievements and the way forward. in challenges and opportunities for agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-saharan Africa, Springer, Cham, 2014. 69–80.
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Journal Menu
Editors Overview
rrjoast maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.
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- By [foreach 286]n
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Clement Urinzwenimana, Rob Melis, Julia Sibiya
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- Lecturer, Associate Professor, Lecturer,Faculty of Agriculture and Environment Management (FAEMRE); University of Technology and Arts of Byumba (UTAB) African Centre for Crop Improvement (ACCI), University of KwaZulu-Natal, and Private Box X 01, African Centre for Crop Improvement (ACCI), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Box X01, African Centre for Crop Improvement, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness (ACCI), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Box X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg,3029 Scottville, 3029 Scottville, 3029 Scottville,South Africa, South Africa, South Africa
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Abstract
nAscochyta blight (Phoma exigua var. diversispora (Bubak) Boerema) causes a severe, rapidly developing disease on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that can bring about complete plant defoliation and extensive yield loss. Studies were conducted in Rwanda to quantify the yield loss attributed to bean ascochyta blight on 64 common bean genotypes including bush and climbing. Using a split plot design, trials were conducted at three locations, where ascochyta disease is prevalent. The different genotypes used had variable levels of susceptibility and were compared with resistant genotypes ICTA Hunapu and ASC 87 for bush type and G 35034 G 35306 for climber type. The results obtained showed that market class genotypes recorded higher disease severity and higher yield losses compared to the controls. There was a strong positive correlation between the Relative Area Under Disease Progress Curve (RAUDPC) values and yield losses. It was also established that as a result of the ascochyta, the yield of a susceptible genotype is reduced by about 69%. The pod infection had a direct effect on seed yield for both bush and climbers. However, the bush genotypes showed larger reduction in yield as compared to climbers. The study suggests the use of desirable resistant genotypes as the best way of reducing yield loss caused by ascochyta blight.n
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Keywords: Ascochyta blight, common bean, diseases severity, Phaseolus vulgaris L., yield loss
n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(rrjoast)]
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Full Text
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Browse Figures
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References
n[if 1104 equals=””]
1. Allen D, Ampofo J, Wortman C. Pests, diseases and nutritional disorders of the common bean in Africa: A field guide. CIAT Publication No. 260. International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, Colombia, 1996.
2. Allen DJ, Ampofo JKO, Wortmann CS. Pests, diseases, and nutritional disorders of the common bean in Africa: A field guide. CIAT, 1996.
3. Campbell CL, Madden LV. Introduction to plant disease epidemiology. John Wiley & Sons, 1990.
4. Boerema G, Crueger G, Gerlagh M, Nirenberg H. Phoma exigua var. diversispora, and Related Fungi on Phaseolus Beans. Zeitschrift fuer Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 1981; 88: 597–607.
5. Rwanda Agricultural Research Institute (ISAR). Annual report. Kigali. 1985, 112–120.
6. Rwanda Agricultural Research Institute (ISAR). Activity review, Bean program. Kigali, 2011, 1–8.
7. Bailey J. Recognition events associated with specific interactions between plants and pathogenic fungi. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Pathogen Interactions. Clarendon Press Oxford, UK. 1991, 210–224.
8. Beebe S, Corrales MP, Schoonhoven AV, Voysest O. Breeding for disease resistance. In: Common beans research for crop improvement, 1991, 561–617.
9. Corrales MAP, Van Schoonhoven A. Standard system for the evaluation of bean germplasm. CIAT, 1987.
10. Schwartz H, Correa V, Pineda D, Mercedes Otoya M, Katherman M. Common bean yield losses caused by ascochyta, angular, and white leaf spots in Colombia. Plant Dis. 1981; 112: 102–121.
11. Da Silva MB, Do Vale FXR, Zambolim L, Hau B, Filho AB, De Paula T. Relationships between disease severity (Angular Leaf Spot, Rust and Anthracnose), Health leaf area, Health leaf area absortion and yield on common beans. Annual report bean improvement cooperative. 2003; 46: 163–164.
12. Seijas C, Sartorato A, Carvalho J. Yield losses in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) caused by angular leaf spot (Isariopsis griseola Sacc.). Bean Improvement Cooperative. Annual Report, 1985; 28: 5–6.
13. Hall R. Compendium of bean diseases. American Phytopathological Society, 1991.
14. Rivera Canales JM. Yield losses, chemical control, and epidemiology of fungal leaf blights on seed corn in Iowa, 1993.
15. Waggoner PE, Berger RD. Defoliation, disease, and growth. Phytopathology. 1987; 77: 393–398.
16. Wortmann CS, Kirkby RA, Eledu CA, Allen DJ. Atlas of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Africa CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 1998.
17. Hartung K, Piepho H-P. Are ordinal rating scales better than percent ratings? A statistical and psychological view. Euphytica. 2007; 155: 15–26.
18. van Schoonhoven A. Common beans: research for crop improvement. CIAT, 1991.
19. Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB). (2013). Annual Report. Kigali. 26–36. Available at: http://rab.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/Reports/Annual_Report/RAB-Annual_ report___2012_2013.pdf.
20. Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources Republic of Rwanda (MINAGRI). (2014). Annual Report Fiscal Year 2013/2014. Kigali. 9. Available at: https://www.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/ user_upload/Minagri/Publications/Annual_Reports/Annual_Report_FY_2013_2014.pdf .
21. Abadio A, Lima S, Santana M, Salomão T, Sartorato A, Mizubuti E, et al. Genetic diversity analysis of isolates of the fungal bean pathogen (Pseudocercospora griseola) from central and southern Brazil. Genet Mol Res. 2012; 11: 1272–1279.
22. Gaunt R. The relationship between plant disease severity and yield. Ann Rev Phytopathol. 1995; 33: 119–144.
23. Hughes G, Madden L. The determination of yield losses with aggregated patterns of diseased or missing plants. Exercises in Plant Disease Epidemiology. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN: 1997, 156–160.
24. Schmit V, Baudoin JP. Screening for resistance to ascochyta blight in populations of Phaseolus coccineus L. and P. polyanthus Greenman. Field Crops Res. 1992; 30: 155–165.
25. FAOSTAT. FAO statistical data base for Agriculture, 2013.
26. Gahakwa D, Asiimwe T, Nabahungu NL, Mutimura M, Isibo T, Mutaganda A, Ngaboyisonga C. A Decade of Agricultural Research in Rwanda: Achievements and the way forward. in challenges and opportunities for agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-saharan Africa, Springer, Cham, 2014. 69–80.
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Research & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
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| Volume | 10 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Received | January 9, 2021 |
| Accepted | May 31, 2021 |
| Published | July 9, 2021 |
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