Cow’s Milk Allergy: Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Alternative Formulations

Year : 2024 | Volume : | : | Page : –
By
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Swati Sharma,

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Yash Yadav,

  1. Technician, Multi-disciplinary Reteach Unit, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
  2. Senior Microbiologist, AES Laboratories, Delhi, India

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Cow’s Milk Allergy (CMA) is a prevalent food allergy in infants, impacting around 2-3% of children worldwide, though it is less common in adults. This condition arises when the immune system responds negatively to the proteins in cow’s milk, causing symptoms that can vary from mild digestive or skin issues to severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis. This article explores the prevalence, causes, and risk factors of CMA, focusing on both IgE and non-IgE-mediated responses. Diagnostic methods, including skin prick tests, serum IgE measurements, and oral food challenges, are discussed, highlighting the complexity of identifying CMA due to symptom overlap with other food intolerances. Management of CMA primarily involves the elimination of cow’s milk from the diet, necessitating careful nutritional planning to avoid deficiencies in calcium, vitamin D, and other essential nutrients. Hypoallergenic options, including extensively hydrolyzed and amino acid-based formulas, provide suitable alternatives for infants. In addition, A2 milk, which lacks the A1 beta-casein protein, has been proposed as a potential option for individuals with milder sensitivities, though evidence remains inconclusive. Plant-based milk alternatives, such as soy, almond, and oat milk, provide further options, but their nutritional adequacy must be carefully considered, particularly for young children. As most children outgrow CMA by early childhood, reintroduction of dairy under medical supervision is a common practice. However, persistent CMA in adulthood requires ongoing management. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of continued research into alternative formulas and improvements in diagnosing and treating CMA.

Keywords: CMA, enzymes, lactose intolerance, Infants, adults.

How to cite this article:
Swati Sharma, Yash Yadav. Cow’s Milk Allergy: Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Alternative Formulations. Research & Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science & Technology. 2024; ():-.
How to cite this URL:
Swati Sharma, Yash Yadav. Cow’s Milk Allergy: Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Alternative Formulations. Research & Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science & Technology. 2024; ():-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjodst/article=2024/view=0

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Ahead of Print Subscription Review Article
Volume
Received 21/10/2024
Accepted 25/10/2024
Published 07/11/2024
511

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