The Parasitic Fingerprint: Tracing Infection to Host Illness

Year : 2026 | Volume : 03 | Issue : 01 | Page : 29 50
    By

    Shubham Sah,

  • Deepa Kumari,

  1. Student, Department of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
  2. Student, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India

Abstract

Parasitic infections remain a major global health burden, causing significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. A critical aspect of disease pathogenesis is the unique molecular and cellular imprint left by parasites in their hosts, termed the “parasitic fingerprint.” These fingerprints encompass parasite-derived proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, extracellular vesicles, and host responses, including gene expression changes, cytokine profiles, and metabolic adaptations. Advances in multi-omics technologies, which integrate genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics, have enabled high-resolution mapping of host–parasite interactions, revealing strategies parasites employ to invade, survive, and manipulate host systems. Molecular fingerprints offer clinical relevance by providing sensitive diagnostic markers, informing disease prognosis, guiding vaccine design, and enabling targeted therapeutic interventions. Case studies in malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, and helminth infections demonstrate the utility of fingerprints in linking parasite activity to tissue-specific pathology and host immune modulation. Integration of these insights into emerging technologies, such as single-cell multi-omics, spatial transcriptomics, and artificial intelligence, holds promise for personalized medicine approaches, improving disease management and reducing the global burden of parasitic diseases.

Keywords: Parasitic fingerprint, host-parasite interactions, multi-omics, diagnostics, therapeutics, malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, helminths, precision medicine

[This article belongs to Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases ]

How to cite this article:
Shubham Sah, Deepa Kumari. The Parasitic Fingerprint: Tracing Infection to Host Illness. Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases. 2026; 03(01):29-50.
How to cite this URL:
Shubham Sah, Deepa Kumari. The Parasitic Fingerprint: Tracing Infection to Host Illness. Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases. 2026; 03(01):29-50. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rtid/article=2026/view=238433


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 03
Issue 01
Received 04/02/2026
Accepted 05/02/2026
Published 20/02/2026
Publication Time 16 Days
97

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