This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.
S.K. Agrawal,
Ramjee Gupta,
- Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Bansal Institute of Engineering and Technology , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- UG Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, Bansal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
There is no doubt that underground coal mining is still one of the most dangerous jobs out of all mines. This is because there are many risks like toxic gases, extreme heat, no way to communicate effectively, etc. To make sure the miners remain safe while working in such areas, it is necessary to have a way to gather information live (monitoring) and a communication method (technology) which is both efficient and fast. In fact, the idea shared in this paper is to create an IoT-enabled smart safety jacket which can also be equipped with GPS (locating device globally) and LoRa (long-range communication) modules for live pinpointing of the person in danger and quick getting of help. The jacket is a part of the system and it also has touch with multiple sensing technologies such as gas sensing, temperature sensing, and heart rate detection to get continuous information about the environmental as well as the physical conditions of the miners. The data collected was processed by a microcontroller and sent through LoRa to a distant monitoring station. This approach was a real-time warning system for emergencies situations which also gave nearly immediate response. Besides the conventional safety systems, the solution decided on provides long-distance communication, very low energy use, and higher reliability. Testing results show that this system is very effective in recognizing dangerous situations and securing employees’ safety. This study is a step towards the creation of more sophisticated wearable safety systems for underground mining settings.
Keywords: IoT, Smart Safety Jacket, Coal Mine Safety, GPS, LoRa, Wearable Devices, Hazard Detection
References
1. Rai A, Rai A, Upadhyay A. Smart wearables for coal mine workers. In2023 2nd International Conference on Vision Towards Emerging Trends in Communication and Networking Technologies (ViTECoN) 2023 May 5 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
2. Karthika S, Jayabaskaran G, Sri Sivahari P, Hariharan M, Poonthamizhan M, Poongothai G. Realtime embedded smart jacket system for coal miners. In2023 9th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS) 2023 Mar 17 (Vol. 1, pp. 1655-1660). IEEE.
3. Deokar SR, Wakode JS. Coal mine safety monitoring and alerting system. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2017 Mar;4(3):2146-9.
4. Liang Y, Liu Y, Lu C, Cui D, Yang J, Zhou R. Research on intelligent monitoring and protection equipment of vital signs of underground personnel in coal mines. Sensors. 2024 Dec 25;25(1):63.
5. Wang G, Sun D, Li H, Cheng J, Yan P, Li H. Helmet Detection in Underground Coal Mines via Dynamic Background Perception with Limited Valid Samples. Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction. 2025 Jul 9;7(3):64.
6. Suryawanshi R, Mukadam M, Manakshe A, Raut O, Kolhe S. IoT-Based Safety Jacket System for Mining Professionals. InInternational Conference on Internet of Things and Connected Technologies 2023 Oct 12 (pp. 209-220). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
7. Ananth C, Revathi BS, Poonguzhali I, Anitha A, Kumar TA. Wearable Smart Jacket for Coal Miners Using IoT. In2022 2nd International Conference on Technological Advancements in Computational Sciences (ICTACS) 2022 Oct 10 (pp. 669- 672). IEEE.
8. Charde A, Dehankar B, Ghaturle S, Bende B, Kitey S. A smart and secured helmet for coal mining workers. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology. 2020 Feb;8:673-5.
9. Mostofi SN. Real-Time Monitoring and Alarm System in Underground Coal Mines Using Smart Helmets (A Case Study: Tabas Coal Mine). Research Square (Research Square). 2021 Oct 12.
10. Puviarasi R, Raja A, Venkatasubramanian R, Gomathi M. Smart safety helmet for coal miners. In 2024 10th International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP) 2024 Apr 12 (pp. 1257-1261). IEEE.
11. Salman M, Haq IU, Rahman ZU. A Decoupled Multi-Component IoT Architecture for Enhanced Safety Monitoring and Alerting in Subterranean Coal Mines. The Sciencetech. 2025 Dec 31;6(4):187-205.
12. Adhikari MS, Phanindra S, Hasa BC, Rao NR, Reddy SJ, Malik PK. IoT based smart work jacket for coal miners. In 2023 IEEE Devices for Integrated Circuit (DevIC) 2023 Apr 7 (pp. 396-399). IEEE.
13. Settu S, Siva P, Vijayakumar M, Manikadan S, Raja V, Lijo JV. An Intelligent IoT-Enabled Coal Mine Safety Monitoring Framework with Cloud-Assisted Real-Time Alerting and Location Awareness. In2026 World Conference on Computational Science and Technology (WcCST) 2026 Mar 26 (pp. 1107-1111). IEEE.
14. Mardonova M, Choi Y. Review of wearable device technology and its applications to the mining industry. Energies. 2018 Mar 4;11(3):547.
15. Kim Y, Baek J, Choi Y. Smart helmet-based personnel proximity warning system for improving underground mine safety. Applied sciences. 2021 May 11;11(10):4342.
16. Marks ED, Teizer J. Method for testing proximity detection and alert technology for safe construction equipment operation. Construction Management and Economics. 2013 Jun 1;31(6):636-46.
17. Cooley WL, Christman A, Hill HW. Remote grounding of large surface electrical equipment. InTHE FOURTH WVU CONFERENCE ON COAL MINE ELECTROTECHNOLOGY 1978 Aug 2.
18. Mukhopadhyaya K, Chaturvedi M, Kiran S. Detection of Toxic Gases and Temperature Sensing for Miners using IoT Based Intelligent Helmet. In2022 International Conference on Smart Generation Computing, Communication and Networking (SMART GENCON) 2022 Dec 23 (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
19. Martirosyan AV, Ilyushin YV. The development of the toxic and flammable gases concentration monitoring system for coalmines. Energies. 2022 Nov 25;15(23):8917.
20. Hai MA, Jyoty WB, Uddin RS, Mahfuza R, Rahman Y. IoT-based automated miner tracking and imperilment observance system. In2022 IEEE Delhi Section Conference (DELCON) 2022 Feb 11 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
21. Reddy SK, Naik AS. An enhanced IoT and LoRa-based communication system for underground mines. InInternational Conference on Signals, Machines, and Automation 2022 Aug 5 (pp. 513-521). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
22. Ray Chowdhury A, Pramanik A, Roy GC. IoT and LoRa based smart underground coal mine monitoring system. Microsystem Technologies. 2023 Jul;29(7):919-38.
23. Karanth N, Choudhary D, Reddy JF, Athulla U. LoRaWAN-Based Communication Protocol for Wearable Safety Devices in Mining Fields. InEmerging Research in Computing, Information, Communication and Applications: ERCICA 2020, Volume 2 2021 Dec 1 (pp. 441- 453). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
24. Sarkar S. Smart life safety jacket for rescuers. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management. 2025;7(1):367-84.
25. Gaikwad N, Nalla S, Pooja T, Ramya K, Harshitha P, Mahesh T. Wearable technology in jacket for tracking person health and safety. InAIP Conference Proceedings 2026 Jan 7 (Vol. 3345, No. 1, p. 020164). AIP Publishing LLC. LLC.
26. Ranjan A, Zhao Y, Sahu HB, Misra P. Opportunities and challenges in health sensing for extreme industrial environment: perspectives from underground mines. IEEE Access. 2019 Sep 13;7:139181- 95.
27. Mamdiwar SD, R A, Shakruwala Z, Chadha U, Srinivasan K, Chang CY. Recent advances on IoT- assisted wearable sensor systems for healthcare monitoring. Biosensors. 2021 Oct 4;11(10):372.
28. Lafuente JL, González S, Puertas E, Gómez-Tello V, Avilés E, Albo N, Mateo C, Beunza JJ. Development of a urinometer for automatic measurement of urine flow in catheterized patients. Plos one. 2023 Aug 31;18(8):e0290319.
29. Cacciuttolo C, Atencio E, Komarizadehasl S, Lozano-Galant JA. Internet of Things long-range-wide-area- network-based wireless sensors network for underground mine monitoring: Planning an efficient, safe, and sustainable labor environment. Sensors. 2024 Oct 30;24(21):6971.
30. Jeevananthan P, Gowrishankar C, Gowtham P, Hariharan V, Karthick SK. IoT-Based LoRa-Enabled Safety Monitoring System for Coal Mining Workers. In2025 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computing and Automation (ICAECA) 2025 Apr 4 (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
Recent Trends in Electronics Communication Systems
| Volume | 13 | |
| 02 | ||
| Received | 14/09/2026 | |
| Accepted | 16/09/2026 | |
| Published | 26/10/2026 | |
| Publication Time | 42 Days |