Yamini Deshvena,
Abstract
Fire incidents in industrial facilities continue to pose significant threats to human life, infrastructure,
production continuity, and the environment despite continuous advancements in industrial safety
practices. The increasing complexity of manufacturing processes, the widespread use of flammable
materials, and the integration of automated systems have intensified the need for systematic fire risk
assessment and effective safety management. This review paper examines the major sources of fire
hazards in industrial environments, including electrical faults, combustible materials, equipment
malfunction, human error, and chemical reactions. It critically reviews established fire risk
assessment methodologies such as qualitative risk assessment, quantitative risk assessment, Hazard
Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA), Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Fault Tree
Analysis (FTA), and Fire Risk Index approaches. The study also discusses fire prevention and
protection measures, including passive fire protection, active fire suppression systems, emergency
evacuation planning, regular safety inspections, employee training, and compliance with national and
international fire safety standards. Furthermore, the paper highlights the growing role of emerging
technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), smart fire detection
sensors, wireless monitoring systems, digital twins, and predictive analytics in enhancing real-time
fire detection, risk prediction, and emergency response. Based on the reviewed literature, several
practical safety improvement strategies are proposed to strengthen industrial fire safety management,
reduce accident frequency, improve organizational preparedness, and enhance overall operational
resilience. The findings indicate that combining comprehensive fire risk assessment with advanced
monitoring technologies, proactive maintenance, continuous workforce training, and strong safety
culture can significantly reduce fire-related losses and improve industrial sustainability. This review
provides valuable insights for researchers, industrial safety professionals, policymakers, and plant
managers seeking to develop safer and more
resilient industrial workplaces.
Keywords: Fire risk assessment, industrial fire safety, fire hazard identification, hazard identification and risk assessment (HIRA), fire prevention, fire protection systems, industrial safety engineering, artificial intelligence (AI), internet of things (IoT), emergency response planning
[This article belongs to Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering ]
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Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering
| Volume | 13 | |
| Issue | 02 | |
| Received | 26/07/2026 | |
| Accepted | 27/07/2026 | |
| Published | 29/07/2026 | |
| Publication Time | 3 Days |