Intersection Safety in Urban Environments: A Review of Risk Factors and Crash Patterns

Year : 2026 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 01 | Page : 31 35
    By

    Rohit Prajapati,

  • Parveen Kumar,

  1. Student, , Department of Civil Engineering, Poornima College of Engineering ISI-6, RIICO Institutional area, Sitapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, india
  2. Assistant Professor, , Department of Civil Engineering, Poornima College of Engineering ISI-6, RIICO Institutional area, Sitapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Urban intersections are critical points of interaction between multiple road users, including cars, buses,
two-wheelers, cyclists, and pedestrians. As cities continue to expand rapidly, the density and complexity
of traffic at intersections increase, making them among the most dangerous segments of the roadway
network. Numerous studies show that intersections account for nearly half of all urban road crashes,
making them central to safety research and planning. This review paper synthesizes over a decade of
scholarly work on intersection safety, examining the major risk factors, behavioral influences,
geometric design challenges, operational characteristics, and crash patterns that define intersectionrelated crashes. The insights reveal how inadequate infrastructure, human limitations, and
environmental influences contribute to conflict formation and collision severity. The paper further
explores advanced technological solutions, safety interventions, and future research priorities that can
transform urban intersections into safer, more efficient elements of transportation systems. The review
integrates findings from empirical crash data analyses, simulation studies, and field-based evaluations
to provide a structured understanding of intersection safety performance across diverse urban contexts.
Particular attention is given to vulnerable road users, whose exposure to turning conflicts and signal
violations significantly increases injury risk. By comparing traditional control strategies with
innovative approaches such as adaptive signal control, smart sensing technologies, and data-driven
planning frameworks, the paper highlights measurable safety improvements and implementation
challenges. The synthesis ultimately offers evidence-based recommendations to guide policymakers,
engineers, and urban planners in developing resilient and context-sensitive intersection designs.

Keywords: Urban Intersection Safety, Crash Patterns, Risk Factors, Geometric Design, Technological Interventions

[This article belongs to Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering ]

How to cite this article:
Rohit Prajapati, Parveen Kumar. Intersection Safety in Urban Environments: A Review of Risk Factors and Crash Patterns. Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering. 2026; 13(01):31-35.
How to cite this URL:
Rohit Prajapati, Parveen Kumar. Intersection Safety in Urban Environments: A Review of Risk Factors and Crash Patterns. Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering. 2026; 13(01):31-35. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/joise/article=2026/view=239064


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 13
Issue 01
Received 21/01/2026
Accepted 25/02/2026
Published 07/03/2026
Publication Time 45 Days
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