Puja Suri,
Sangeeta kakkar,
Ritika Chauhan,
- Master’s Student Shoolini University, Solan Himachal Pradesh India
- Assistant Professor Shoolini University, Solan Himachal Pradesh India
- Research Scholar Shoolini University, Solan Himachal Pradesh India
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental difficulty that affects both intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour. The term IDD describes a broad range of long-term disorders that are caused by either physical or mental deficits. These disorders can influence numerous facets of life, such as self-care, social skills, communication, and education. This condition affects social and practical abilities daily. Conditions like cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, and autism spectrum disorder, Genetic predispositions, prenatal problems, traumatic births, and diseases in the early years can all lead to IDD. The foremost aim of this review is to provide awareness of Long-Term care policies that are available for IDD people. The review discovered the main obstacles and difficulties that people with IDD have while trying to get access to high-quality long-term care. It also examined the efficacy of current long-term care programs, compared strategies, and identified promising innovative models. The evaluation looked at past patterns, evaluated the success of ongoing initiatives, and pinpointed areas that need improvement. It also looked at current developments in care paradigms and technology. The review indicated that although LTC policies have improved, there are still issues and shortcomings that need to be addressed. It is stressed how crucial long-term planning and caregiver assistance are. People with IDD and their families may suffer as a result of inadequate LTC plans. The review emphasized how better policy is required.
Keywords: Intellectual developmental disabilities (IDD), innovative care models, caregiver assistance, Long Term Care (LTC), neurodevelopmental difficulty
References
- Schalock RL, Luckasson R, Tassé MJ. Twenty questions and answers regarding the 12th edition of the AAIDD manual: Intellectual disability: definition, diagnosis, classification, and systems of supports. American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. 2021:1-5.
- Pinals DA, Hovermale L, Mauch D, Anacker L. Persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the mental health system: Part 2. Policy and systems considerations. Psychiatric services. 2022 Mar 1;73(3):321-8.
- Bisschops EH, De Schipper JC, Schippers B, Embregts PJ, Schuengel C. Reducing restrictive measures in complex long-term care for people with intellectual disabilities: Implementation interventions through the lens of normalisation process theory. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability. 2022 Oct 2;47(4):353-64.
- Mann C, Jun GT, Tyrer F, Kiani R, Lewin G, Gangadharan SK. A scoping review of clusters of multiple long-term conditions in people with intellectual disabilities and factors impacting on outcomes for this patient group. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities. 2023 Dec;27(4):1045-61.
- Nair M, Hazarika M, Kishore MT, Sengupta N, Sheregar G, MacGregor H, Wickenden M, Kaushik NH, Saikia P, Kelley M, Shepperd S. A community developed conceptual model for reducing long-term health problems in children with intellectual disability in India. PLOS Global Public Health. 2023 Apr 14;3(4):e0000833.
- Mpofu E, Houck E, Linden A, Fernandez C. Intellectual and developmental disabilities wellbeing. Sustainable Community Health: Systems and Practices in Diverse Settings. 2020:461-97.
- Cohen E. Israel’s public policy for long-term care services. Israel Affairs. 2020 Nov 1;26(6):889-911.
- Roos J, Koppen G, Vollmer TC, Van Schijndel-Speet M, Dijkxhoorn Y. Unlimited surrounding: A scoping review on the impact of the built environment on health, behavior, and quality of life of individuals with intellectual disabilities in long-term care. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal. 2022 Jul;15(3):295-314.
- Hanlon P, MacDonald S, Wood K, Allan L, Cooper SA. Long-term condition management in adults with intellectual disability in primary care: a systematic review. BJGP open. 2018 Apr 1;2(1).
- Carrier JG. Comparative special education: ideology, differentiation and allocation in England and the United States. InRoutledge Library Editions: Education Mini-Set M Special Education and Inclusion 2021 Mar 4 (pp. Vol210-35). Routledge.
- Vaitsiakhovich N, Landes SD. The association between the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and healthcare affordability among US adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2023 Dec;67(12):1270-90.
- Friedman C, VanPuymbrouck L. Support for the Americans with Disabilities Act among nondisabled people. Journal of Disability Policy Studies. 2023 Dec;34(3):199-210.
- Whaley BA, Williamson P. The Americans with Disabilities Act, addiction, and recovery. Journal of vocational rehabilitation. 2023 Jan 1;58(3):299-305.
- Zander V, Gustafsson C, Landerdahl Stridsberg S, Borg J. Implementation of welfare technology: a systematic review of barriers and facilitators. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology. 2023 Aug 18;18(6):913-28.
- Wiesel I, Bigby C, van Holstein E, Gleeson B. Three modes of inclusion of people with intellectual disability in mainstream services: mainstreaming, differentiation and individualisation. Disability & Society. 2024 Jan 2;39(1):40-61.
- Chakraborty I, Edirippulige S, Ilavarasan PV. The role of telehealth startups in healthcare service delivery: a systematic review. International Journal of Medical Informatics. 2023 Jun 1;174:105048.
- Che RP, Cheung MC. Factors Associated with the Utilization of Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS) Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Last Decade. Journal of Gerontological Social Work. 2024 Apr 15:1-27.
- Mitchell D, Sutherland D. What really works in special and inclusive education: Using evidence-based teaching strategies. Routledge; 2020 Feb 18.
- Prince MJ, Wu F, Guo Y, Robledo LM, O’Donnell M, Sullivan R, Yusuf S. The burden of disease in older people and implications for health policy and practice. The lancet. 2015 Feb 7;385(9967):549-62.
- Wysocki A, Butler M, Kane RL, Kane RA, Shippee T, Sainfort F. Long-term services and supports for older adults: A review of home and community-based services versus institutional care. Journal of Aging & Social Policy. 2015 Jul 3;27(3):255-79.
- Embregts PJ, Tournier T, Frielink N. Experiences and needs of direct support staff working with people with intellectual disabilities during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A thematic analysis. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 2021 Mar;34(2):480-90.
- Robinson S, Hill M, Fisher KR, Graham A. Belonging and exclusion in the lives of young people with intellectual disability in small town communities. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities. 2020 Mar;24(1):50-68.
- Dixon J, Laing J, Valentine C. A human rights approach to advocacy for people with dementia: A review of current provision in England and Wales. Dementia. 2020 Feb;19(2):221-36.
- Cuskelly M, Moni K, McMahon M, Jobling A, Lloyd J. Preparing adults with intellectual disabilities for their future: How do support services staff view their role? Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 2024 Jan;37(1): e13180.
Volume | |
Received | July 25, 2024 |
Accepted | August 1, 2024 |
Published | August 23, 2024 |