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Dronica Panchal,
Pratibha Gaurav,
Nivedita Mishra,
Monika Bajpai*,
- , Center of Excellence in Plant & Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, Uttar Pradesh, India
- , Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201309, India, Uttar Pradesh, India
- , Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201309, India, Uttar Pradesh, India
- , Center of Excellence in Plant & Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201309, India, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
Bell pepper (Capsicum spp.) is an important vegetable crop known for its high nutritional value, medicinal uses, and various industrial applications. However, salinity stress is a major challenge that limits its growth, productivity, and quality, especially in dry areas. Too much salt in the soil disrupts how plants manage water, causes imbalances in ions, leads to oxidative stress, and negatively impacts morphological, physiological, biochemical, and metabolic processes. These effects significantly reduce plant strength, fruit yield, and overall crop performance. This review summarizes the responses of bell pepper to salinity stress in terms of its morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. The main adaptive strategies discussed include osmotic adjustment through the accumulation of compatible solutes, improvement of antioxidant defense systems, regulation of ion transport and balance, and changes in metabolism. Additionally, recent developments in biotechnological methods, such as physiological screening, biochemical markers, metabolomic profiling, and molecular breeding strategies, are highlighted for creating salt-tolerant varieties. The review also addresses the main challenges, limitations, and future directions for enhancing salinity tolerance in bell pepper. A combined approach that involves traditional breeding, modern biotechnology, and a solid understanding of physiology is crucial for developing resilient cultivars that can maintain productivity in salty conditions. These efforts will greatly support sustainable bell pepper production and help ensure global food security amid changing climate conditions.
Keywords: Bell pepper, Capsicum spp., salinity, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense
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International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecule Research
| Volume | 04 | |
| 02 | ||
| Received | 23/06/2026 | |
| Accepted | 26/06/2026 | |
| Published | 05/07/2026 | |
| Publication Time | 12 Days |