Harshal S. Patil,
Rupesh S. Patil,
Chandramohan D. Pawar,
Divya M. Jadhav,
Akshata M. Girase,
Bhupendra M. Mahale,
Ghanshyam M. Chavan,
- Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacy, SVS’s Dadasaheb Rawal Pharmacy College, Dondaicha, Dhule, Maharashatra, India
- Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacy, SVS’s Dadasaheb Rawal Pharmacy College, Dondaicha, Dhule, Maharashatra, India
- Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacy, SVS’s Dadasaheb Rawal Pharmacy College, Dondaicha, Dhule, Maharashatra, India
- Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacy, SVS’s Dadasaheb Rawal Pharmacy College, Dondaicha, Dhule, Maharashatra, India
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, SVS’s Dadasaheb Rawal Pharmacy College, Dondaicha, Dhule, Maharashatra, india
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, PSGVP Mandal College of Pharmacy ,Shahada, Maharashatra, India
- Principal, SVS’s Dadasaheb Rawal Pharmacy College, Dondaicha, Dhule, Maharashatra, India
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and polypharmacy has highlighted the need for patient-centered therapeutic approaches that improve medication adherence while enabling individualized treatment. Conventional fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) reduce pill burden but often lack flexibility in dose customization, controlled drug release, and real-time treatment monitoring. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies, smart drug delivery systems, and digital health platforms have facilitated the development of smart polypills, an emerging pharmaceutical strategy that combines multiple active pharmaceutical ingredients within a single personalized dosage form. This review examines the evolution of 3D-printed smart polypills and explores their role in personalized medicine. The manuscript evaluates major 3D-printing technologies, including fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), stereolithography (SLA), and inkjet printing, for the fabrication of multi-drug dosage forms with programmable release profiles. Key drug-release mechanisms, including immediate, sustained, pulsatile, and stimuli-responsive delivery systems, are discussed alongside digital health integration strategies involving electronic health records, telemedicine platforms, wearable sensors, RFID-enabled systems, QR-coded tracking, digital ingestion confirmation technologies, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity, cloud-based data management, and artificial intelligence-driven therapeutic optimization. The review highlights the potential of smart polypills to enhance medication adherence, reduce pill burden, support personalized therapy, enable real-time patient monitoring, and improve clinical outcomes in cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, neurological disorders, and geriatric polypharmacy. Furthermore, current challenges related to regulatory approval, manufacturing scalability, material compatibility, affordability, and data security are critically examined. Future developments involving AI-driven closed-loop therapy, autonomous drug delivery systems, nanotechnology integration, and personalized 3D-printed medicines are expected to accelerate the transition toward precision healthcare. Smart polypills repressent a promising convergence of pharmaceutical manufacturing and digital medicine with the potential to transform chronic disease management and patient-centered therapeutic care.
Keywords: 3D-printed Poly pills, personalized medicine, Smart drug delivery systems, Additive manufacturing, Controlled drug release, Digital health technologies, Wearable biosensors, Artificial intelligence in healthcare
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Trends in Drug Delivery
| Volume | 13 | |
| 03 | ||
| Received | 20/07/2026 | |
| Accepted | 05/10/2026 | |
| Published | 27/10/2026 | |
| Publication Time | 99 Days |