This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.
G.K. Jabash Samuel,
Sudarshan.K,
R.Rockland,
Nihin Mathew .M,
Sahaya Antony .M,
- Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
- Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
- Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
- Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
- Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
The increasing demand for energy-efficient and intelligent electrical appliances has created a need for automated systems that can regulate their operation according to changing environmental conditions. Conventional ceiling fans generally require manual speed adjustment, which may result in unnecessary energy consumption when the fan continues to operate at a higher speed than required. To overcome this limitation, this project proposes a Smart Fan Speed Regulator using an ESP32 microcontroller with temperature-based automatic control and IoT monitoring. The proposed system continuously monitors the surrounding room temperature using a suitable temperature sensor and processes the measured temperature through the ESP32. Based on predefined temperature conditions, the controller automatically regulates the fan speed so that the fan operates at an appropriate level according to the cooling requirement of the room. When the temperature increases, the fan speed is increased to provide greater airflow, while the fan speed is reduced when the temperature decreases. This automatic adjustment reduces the need for continuous manual intervention and provides a more responsive cooling system. The ESP32 is selected as the main controller because it combines microcontroller functionality with built-in Wi-Fi connectivity, making it suitable for IoT-based applications. In addition to automatic fan-speed regulation, the system can transmit temperature information and fan-status details to a mobile device through a Wi-Fi-based IoT interface. This allows the user to observe the room temperature and operating status of the fan remotely. The proposed system integrates temperature sensing, embedded control, fan-speed regulation and wireless monitoring into a single compact architecture. The project is intended to demonstrate how a conventional electrical appliance can be improved by incorporating automation and IoT technology. By operating the fan according to actual temperature conditions rather than maintaining a fixed speed continuously, the system has the potential to avoid unnecessary high-speed operation and support more efficient use of electrical energy. The proposed Smart Fan Speed Regulator therefore provides a practical approach toward intelligent, connected and temperature-responsive cooling systems for homes, classrooms, offices and other indoor environments.
Keywords: Smart Fan, Fan Speed Regulation, Temperature Sensor, Automatic Temperature Control, Internet of Things (IoT)
References
- Rao MN, Lalitha Devi P, Mahitha KK, Prem Kumar K. Temperature based fan speed control and observing utilizing arduino. Int. J. Eng. Technol. 2017;7(1.1):685- 8.
- Kaushik S, Chouhan YS, Sharma N, Singh S, Suganya P. Automatic fan speed control using temperature and humidity sensor and Arduino. Int. J. Adv. Res. 2018 Mar;4(2):453-67.
- Kanchanasatian K. Automatic speed control and turning ON/OFF for smart fan by temperature and ultrasonic sensor. InIOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018 Mar 1 (Vol. 325, No. 1, p. 012022). IOP Publishing.
- Rao GJ, Satish G, Abhinav D, Ganesh PS. Temperature Controlled Fan using IOT. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJSRSET), Print ISSN. 2018:2395-1990.
- Shun WG, Muda WM, Hassan WH, Annuar AZ. Wireless sensor network for temperature and humidity monitoring systems based on NodeMCU ESP8266. InInternational Conference on Advances in Cyber Security 2019 Jul 30 (pp. 262- 273). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
- Saad M, Abdoalgader H, Mohamed M. Automatic fan speed control system using microcontroller. In6th Int’l Conference on Electrical, Electronics & Civil Engineering (ICEECE’2014) 2014 Nov 27 (pp. 27-28).
- Kommey B, Dunyo JK, Akowuah BY, Tamakloe E. Automatic ceiling fan control using temperature and room occupancy. JITCE (Journal of Information Technology and Computer Engineering). 2022 Mar 31;6(01):1-7.
- Oriaifo AP, Obasohan O. Design and Implementation of an Internet of Things Based Smart Fan. NIPES-Journal of Science and Technology Research. 2022 Jun 10;4(2).
- Hendajani F, Mughni A, Wardhani IP, Hakim A. Modeling Automatic Room Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System with Fan Control on the Internet of Things. ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications. 2022 Nov 23;13(2):75-85.
- Soyguder S. Intelligent system based on wavelet decomposition and neural network for predicting of fan speed for energy saving in HVAC system. Energy and Buildings. 2011 Apr 1;43(4):814-22.
- Soyguder S, Alli H. Predicting of fan speed for energy saving in HVAC system based on adaptive network based fuzzy inference system. Expert Systems with Applications. 2009 May 1;36(4):8631-8.
- Lenin NC, Padmanaban S, Bhaskar MS, Mitolo M, Hossain E. Ceiling fan drives–past, present and future. IEEE Access. 2021 Jan 19;9:44888-904.
- Khan HR, bin Khalid MH, Alam U, Atiq M, Qidwai U, Qazi SA. Dataset of usage pattern and energy analysis of an Internet of Things-enabled ceiling fan. Data in Brief. 2023 Feb 1;46:108900.
- Press GS. Design and Implementation of Intelligent Temperature-Regulating Fan System Based on STC89C52. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports. 2025 Jan 1.
- Azmi FN, Putra MR, Darmanto MI, Warino G, Wulandari P. Temperature- Responsive DC Fan Control System Using ESP32 and DHT22 for Improved Energy Efficiency. InSeminar Nasional Teknik Elektro 2025 Sep 26 (Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 9-18).
- JYOTHI MS, AKHIL DS, PRASANNA PS, MANSURI SS, HARINATH N, BABU SD. IOT TEMPERATURE BASED FAN SPEED CONTROL & MONITORING SYSTEM. International Journal of Engineering Research and Science & Technology. 2025 Mar 21;21(1):502-7.
- Jain A, Sarkar A, Ather D, Raj D. Temperature based automatic fan speed control system using arduino. Proceedings of the Advancement in Electronics & Communication Engineering. 2022 Jul 14.
- Akin-Ponnle AE. An eco-friendly and low cost iot based room temperature control by fan speed regulation for tropical use. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology. 2024;9(8):622-36.
- Mohankumar P, Reddy MV, Janesh A. IoT-Based Smart Home Automation Using Multi-Sensor Occupancy Detection and Adaptive Fan Control. In2026 10th International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC) 2026 Aug 5 (pp. 735-740). IEEE.
- Rohaidzam MF, Aziz R. Smart Fan Temperature and Motion Detection. Evolution in Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 2025 Oct 28;6(2):322-8.
- Bakar HA, Suhaimi MI, Chek WW, Daud RR. IOT-BASED TEMPERATURE- CONTROLLED FAN SPEED SYSTEM FOR LAUNDRY ROOM. Journal of Engineering and Technology (JET). 2026 Jun 30;17(1).
Journal of Microelectronics and Solid State Devices
| Volume | 13 | |
| 02 | ||
| Received | 18/09/2026 | |
| Accepted | 19/09/2026 | |
| Published | 26/09/2026 | |
| Publication Time | 8 Days |