Akanksha Moolshankar Jaiswal,
Vivek Shailendra Gupta,
Rashmi Vipat,
- Research Scholar, Department of MCA, Thakur Institute of Management Studies, Career Development & Research (TIMSCDR), Maharashtra, India
- Research Scholar, Department of MCA, Thakur Institute of Management Studies, Career Development & Research (TIMSCDR), Maharashtra, India
- Assistant Professor, Department of MCA, Thakur Institute of Management Studies, Career Development & Research (TIMSCDR), Maharashtra, India
Abstract
In today’s hyper-connected world, modern communication relies heavily on centralized internet infrastructure, making robust offline messaging solutions increasingly essential. A crucial vulnerability is revealed by network failures, natural disasters, and distant region deployments: communication breaks down when internet connectivity does. Due to its low power consumption and almost ubiquitous availability in contemporary smartphones, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has become a promising candidate for offline, device-to-device communications. This study presents an empirical analysis of BLE reliability in real-world messaging scenarios through the design and implementation of a secure, hybrid peer-to-peer chat application for Android. The technology, which is protected by end-to-end RSA-2048 encryption, combines Firebase cloud services for online scenarios with BLE for offline communication. The validity of the hybrid architecture as a whole is confirmed by our implementation, which effectively exhibits user authentication with 100% success rate, contact discovery with 95% matching accuracy, and cryptographic operations averaging 45 ms per message. However, extensive empirical testing showed that the BLE communication layer has significant reliability problems. Message transmission over BLE recorded a 0% success rate in all test scenarios, including both controlled and high-interference situations, although device detection achieved a 70% success rate and connection formation reached 60%. The BLE Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) protocol’s basic architectural inadequacies with the requirements of real-time, bidirectional messaging are the cause of this ongoing failure. This study provides a functional prototype, a comparative protocol analysis, developer recommendations, performance benchmarks, and a critical root cause analysis. According to the results, reliable offline communication may require significant protocol-level optimizations or hybrid communication architectures that combine different protocols for data transfer with BLE for discovery.
Keywords: Android development, RSA encryption, Peer-to-Peer (P2P), Bluetooth low energy (BLE), empirical analysis, reliability, offline messaging, GATT protocol
[This article belongs to Journal of Mobile Computing, Communications & Mobile Networks ]
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Journal of Mobile Computing, Communications & Mobile Networks
| Volume | 13 | |
| Issue | 02 | |
| Received | 10/03/2026 | |
| Accepted | 20/06/2026 | |
| Published | 26/06/2026 | |
| Publication Time | 108 Days |