This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.
Rohit Prajapati,
Parveen Kumar,
- Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Poornima College of Engineering ISI-6, RIICO Institutional area, Sitapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, india
- Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Poornima College of Engineering ISI-6, RIICO Institutional area, Sitapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
Ban intersections are critical points of interaction between multiple road users, including cars, buses,
two-wheelers, cyclists, and pedestrians. As cities continue to expand rapidly, the density and complexity
of traffic at intersections increase, making them among the most dangerous segments of the roadway
network. Numerous studies show that intersections account for nearly half of all urban road crashes,
making them central to safety research and planning. This review paper synthesizes over a decade of
scholarly work on intersection safety, examining the major risk factors, behavioral influences,
geometric design challenges, operational characteristics, and crash patterns that define intersectionrelated crashes. The insights reveal how inadequate infrastructure, human limitations, and
environmental influences contribute to conflict formation and collision severity. The paper further
explores advanced technological solutions, safety interventions, and future research priorities that can
transform urban intersections into safer, more efficient elements of transportation systems. The review
integrates findings from empirical crash data analyses, simulation studies, and field-based evaluations
to provide a structured understanding of intersection safety performance across diverse urban contexts.
Particular attention is given to vulnerable road users, whose exposure to turning conflicts and signal
violations significantly increases injury risk. By comparing traditional control strategies with
innovative approaches such as adaptive signal control, smart sensing technologies, and data-driven
planning frameworks, the paper highlights measurable safety improvements and implementation
challenges. The synthesis ultimately offers evidence-based recommendations to guide policymakers,
engineers, and urban planners in developing resilient and context-sensitive intersection designs.
Keywords: Urban Intersection Safety, Crash Patterns, Risk Factors, Geometric Design, Technological Interventions
Rohit Prajapati, Parveen Kumar. Intersection Safety in Urban Environments: A Review of Risk Factors and Crash Patterns. Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering. 2026; 13(01):-.
Rohit Prajapati, Parveen Kumar. Intersection Safety in Urban Environments: A Review of Risk Factors and Crash Patterns. Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering. 2026; 13(01):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/joise/article=2026/view=239064
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| Volume | 13 |
| 01 | |
| Received | 21/01/2026 |
| Accepted | 25/02/2026 |
| Published | 07/03/2026 |
| Publication Time | 45 Days |
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