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Anuj Yadav,
Rahul Sharma,
Shubhi Tripathi,
Shreya Gupta,
- Assistant professor, Department of Biotechnology, Bansal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, U.P, 226201, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Student, Department of Biotechnology, Bansal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, U.P, 226201, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Student, Department of Biotechnology, Bansal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, U.P, 226201, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Student, Department of Biotechnology, Bansal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, U.P, 226201, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
Climate change presents a major challenge to global agriculture by increasing the occurrence and severity of both non-living and living stress factors, such as drought, high temperatures, salt buildup, waterlogging, and new pests and diseases. These stressors interfere with the normal functioning of plants at the physical, chemical, and genetic levels, which in turn results in lower crop yields and poorer quality. While traditional methods of plant breeding played a key role during the Green Revolution, they are typically slow and not enough to improve complex traits related to stress resistance, which are influenced by many genes. Modern plant biotechnology offers more accurate and effective ways to improve the ability of crops to withstand stress. Methods like genetic modification, genome editing (such as CRISPR-Cas9, TALENs, and ZFNs), and omics technologies (including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), along with tissue culture techniques, help in creating crop varieties that can endure harsh conditions. The use of microbial biotechnology, such as beneficial bacteria in the root zone and mycorrhizal fungi, also supports better nutrient absorption, improved stress resistance, and more environmentally friendly farming. Examples like drought-resistant maize, salt-tolerant rice, and heat-resistant wheat show how these technologies can be applied effectively. Newer approaches like artificial intelligence, synthetic biology, high-speed plant trait analysis, and climate-aware agriculture are likely to speed up the creation of crops that can thrive under changing conditions. In summary, combining biotechnological advances with sustainable farming methods is crucial for ensuring global food supply and building agriculture that can withstand climate changes.
Keywords: Climate-resilient crops, Genetic engineering, Genome editing, Multi-omics, Microbial biotechnology, Abiotic stress tolerance, Sustainable agriculture, High-throughput phenotyping, Synthetic biology, Climate-smart agriculture
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Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology
| Volume | 16 | |
| 02 | ||
| Received | 10/09/2026 | |
| Accepted | 15/09/2026 | |
| Published | 25/09/2026 | |
| Publication Time | 15 Days |