Deepanjali,
Naisergik Deepika Khanna,
- Student, Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, NSCBM Government College, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
Abstract
Quantum dots are nanoscale semiconductor crystals engineered to emit highly intense, photo-stable luminescence with quantum yields reaching 90%. Structurally, they are synthesized as single-substance core types, hetero-structured core-shell architectures for enhanced stability, or blended alloys. They are further categorized by synthesis and functional traits into colloidal, magnetic, and highly fluorescent varieties, alongside specialized silicon and eco-friendly carbon-based variants derived from organic waste. Due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties, they are highly effective in photocatalysis, solar energy conversion, and high-definition displays. In biomedical applications, these nanocrystals advance cellular imaging by facilitating single-molecule tracking, deep-tissue penetration, and targeted organelle visualization. Furthermore, they can be engineered for stimuli-responsive fluorescence and self-illuminating mechanisms to optimize drug delivery and diagnostics. Despite their immense potential, quantum dots face limitations, including structural instability, manufacturing difficulties, and environmental degradation under UV light or moisture. Crucially, toxicity from heavy metals – like cadmium – poses a major challenge, driving current research toward safer cadmium-free alternatives and protective coatings to ensure biocompatibility
Keywords: Quantum dots, classification, synthesis, functionalization, toxicity, bioimaging applications
[This article belongs to Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications ]
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Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications
| Volume | 16 | |
| Issue | 02 | |
| Received | 02/06/2026 | |
| Accepted | 05/06/2026 | |
| Published | 05/06/2026 | |
| Publication Time | 3 Days |