Physico-Chemical Assessment of River Benue to Determine Pollution Levels Using Chemometric Models.

Year : 2024 | Volume :02 | Issue : 02 | Page : 43-76
By
vector

UU Egereonu,

vector

J.C. Ike,

vector

R.U. Iwuagwu,

vector

S.K. Egereonu,

vector

C. Onwuka,

vector

J.C. Egereonu,

vector

N.J. Okoro,

vector

U.L.Onu,

vector

V.C. Eze,

vector

B.Okenyi,

  1. Professor, Deptartment of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
  2. Assistant Lecturer, Deptartment of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
  3. Assistant Lecturer, Deptartment of Chemistry, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
  4. Assistant Lecturer, Deptartment of Information Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
  5. Lecturer, Deptartment of Chemistry, Rhema Universiy, Aba,
  6. Assistant Lecturer, Department. of Geoscience, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
  7. Lecturer, Deptartment of Chemistry, Univerisity of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria
  8. Lecturer, Deptartment of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
  9. Lecturer, Deptartment of Chemistry, Univerisity of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria
  10. Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, University of Health Sciences, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

Abstract document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’,function(){frmFrontForm.scrollToID(‘frm_container_abs_127753’);});Edit Abstract & Keyword

The effects of pollution on water have been reviewed. This study is aimed at determining the level of pollution of the River Benue, with the view of assessing its use as potable water. Different analytical techniques including titrimetry, gravimetry, potentiometry, and spectrophotometry were used for the study. The total hardness gave (22.28 mg/L and 41.87 mg/L) for dry and rainy season respectively. Electrical conductivity gave (91.35 mg/L and 54.10 mg/L) for rainy and dry seasons respectively. The Total dissolved solids gave (76.02 mg/L and 32.31 mg/L) respectively in the rainy and dry season showing the presence of more soluble and dissolved ions in the rainy season. Dissolved oxygen gave (3.18 m/L & 3.72 mg/L) for rainy and dry season respectivley. For phosphate (0.85 mg/L & 0.73 mg/L) were measured in dry and rainy season respectively. Sodium gave (2.95 mg/L & 2.78 mg/L) for dry and rainy seasons. While calcium gave (2.07 mg/L & 1.57 mg/L) for both dry and rainy seasons. While chemical oxygen demand gave (114.37 mg/L &84.97 mg/L) for rainy and dry season. Biochemical oxygen demand were (24.87 mg/L & 25.63 mg/L) for rainy and dry seasons and were above the recommended drinking water standard for world health organization (WHO). Higher level of lead (0.00865 mg/L & 0.00281 mg/L) for both dry and rainy season and copper (1.24 mg/L & 0.9734 mg/L) for both dry and rainy seasons were found in the water which is harmful to health of the aquatic ecosystem and the communities utilizing the water for domestic purposes. The mean values of all the parameters were correlated using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The value of r is 0.91. This implies that the status of the river as it concerns its potability is the same, irrespective of the little fluctuation that might be observed in the different season. MATLAB and ANN were also used for the analysis of River Benue.

Keywords: River Benue, Pearson Product Moment, Pollution level, MATLAB, ANN.

[This article belongs to International Journal of Pollution: Prevention & Control (ijppc)]

How to cite this article:
UU Egereonu, J.C. Ike, R.U. Iwuagwu, S.K. Egereonu, C. Onwuka, J.C. Egereonu, N.J. Okoro, U.L.Onu, V.C. Eze, B.Okenyi. Physico-Chemical Assessment of River Benue to Determine Pollution Levels Using Chemometric Models.. International Journal of Pollution: Prevention & Control. 2024; 02(02):43-76.
How to cite this URL:
UU Egereonu, J.C. Ike, R.U. Iwuagwu, S.K. Egereonu, C. Onwuka, J.C. Egereonu, N.J. Okoro, U.L.Onu, V.C. Eze, B.Okenyi. Physico-Chemical Assessment of River Benue to Determine Pollution Levels Using Chemometric Models.. International Journal of Pollution: Prevention & Control. 2024; 02(02):43-76. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/ijppc/article=2024/view=0

Full Text PDF

Full Text PDF

References
document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’,function(){frmFrontForm.scrollToID(‘frm_container_ref_127753’);});Edit

  1. Hazimah Haspi Harun, Mohamad Roslan M K1, S Nurhidayu1, Zulfa Hanan Ash’aari 2 andFaradiella Mohd Kusin2 (2021). Physicochemical analysis of groundwater and suitability fordomestic utilization in Kuala Langat, Selangor. International Conference on Civil andEnvironmental EngineeringIOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 646 (2021) 012025IOPPublishingdoi:10.1088/1755-1315/646/1/012025.
  2. Aremu M. O.,Olaofe, O.,Ikokoh P. P. and Yakubu,M. M.(2011) Physicochemical characteristics of stream, well and borehole water sources in Eggon in Nasarawa State, Nigeria J chem. soc. Nigeria. vol 36 no I, pp 130-137.
  3. Network News Commentary of 26/04/2013. Nigerian Television Authority (NTA).
  4. Cousins I., Sha B., Johansson J., Scheringer M. and Salter M. (2022). How Safe Is It To Drink Water?
  5. UN environment (2019). Tackling Global Water Pollution. United Nations EnvironmentProgramme, UN environment, Nairobi, Kenya.
  6. Victor Fagorit (2019). Physiochemical Characteristics of Otamiri River and its Sediments inparts of Owerri, Elixir Journal.
  7. Tebbutt, T.H.Y. (2008), Principles of Water Quality Control. 5th Edition Butterworth Heinemann. pp. 24 – 46, 51 – 61,89.
  8. Pipkin, B.W. (1990) Geology and the Environment. West Publishing Coy; Minneapolis.
  9. Egereonu,U.U., Ukiwe, L.N., Edet, J.A. and Ogukwe, C.E.(2012); Investigation of Pollution Index of Oramiriukwa,Nworie and Otamiri Rivers, Imo State, Nigeria. J. Chem. Soc. Nigeria,Vol. 37,No.1,pp25 -29.
  10. Montgomery, C.W. (1995); Environmental Geology.5th Ed; McGraw – Hill, Boston, pp. 390 -410.
  11. Amos I.A. Edward B.A. Maryam I. (2023) Quality Assessment of the Physicochemical Properties of Soils from AutomobileWorkshops and Transformer Installations Site in Lafia, Nasarawa State. Science World Journal Vol. 18 (No 1). scienceworldjournal.org
  12. Rahman, Z, nad Singh, V. P. (2019). The Relative Impact of Toxic Heavy Metals (THMs)) Arsenic As, Cadmium Cd, Chromium Cr(VI), Mercury Hg, and Lead Pb on the Total environment: An overview. Environ. Monit. Assess. 191, 419.
  13. Lin L, Yang H, Xu X (2022). Effects of Water Pollution on Human Health and Diseaseheterogeneity: A Review. Front Environ Sci 10:880246. http:// Doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.
  14. Okoro, N. J., Egereonu, U. U., Nlemchukwu B. N. C., Egereonu J. C.Ezeokoye M. O., Igbomezie C. and ObiagwuI. C. (2023). Assessment of the Potability of Nworie River in Owerri Munucipal, Imo State. International Journal of Novel Research and Development (IJNRD). Volume 8, ISSN: 2456-4184 IJNRD.ORG.
  15. Shikha Munjal, Aakash Singh, Deepak Kumar Mehra, Pooja Kumari (2018). Effects of TDS on Human Immune System. Vol 8 Issue 2. Doi:10.26671/IJIRG.2018.2.8.101.
  16. Egereonu, U. U, Adebayo, J. A, Okoro, N. J, Enenebeaku, J. C., Egereonu, Tabomezie, M. C, Obiagwu, I. C.,Ezekoye, M. O, Ndukwu, D. E, Onwuka, C (2024). Seasonal variations of Air Quality Measures in Warri and Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of pollution: Prevention and Control, Vol. 2,(1), pp. 1 – 28.
  17. Ike, J. C, Egereonu, U. U, Nwoko, C. I, Bilar, A. A, Igbomezie, M. C, Egereonu, J. C, Okoro, N. J, Onwuka, C (2024). Physiochemical Analysis of Orji River in Enugu State, Nigeria to Ascertain its Pollution level; International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing, Vol. 10, pp. 1 – 12.
  18. Radojeyic, N. and Bashkin, V.N. (1999), Practical Environment Analysis. Royal Society of chemistry, UK pp 16, 138 -278,451.
  19. Egereonu, U. U. and Ibe, K. M. (2000). Laboratory Studies of Groundwater in Owerri and Evirons for Encrustation and Corrosion Characteristics. J. of Environmental Analysis, 5, 392-402.
  20. Egereonu, U. U. (2005). A Study on the Groundwater Pollution by Nitrates In The Environ, Aba, Nigeria. J. Chem. Soc. Nigeria. 30 (2), 211-218.
  21. Egereonu, U. U. and Emeziem, D. (2006). Physicochemical analysis of selected groundwater in Rivers State, Nigeria to ascertain pollution level, encrustation and corrosion potentials. J. Chem. Soc. Nigeria. 31 (1&2), 141-146.
  22. Todd, D. K. (2000). Groundwater Hydrology, Wiley and Sons Inc; New York.
  23. Vogel A. I. (1961). A Textbook of Inorganic Analysis, 3rd Ed; Longman, London, pp. 256.
  24. Swayer C. N. and McCarty P. L. (1978). Chemistry for Environmental Engineering. 3rd Ed; McGraw-Hill Inc. New York, pp. 351-489.
  25. Technical Bulletin 27 (2000). The Analysis of Agricultural Materials. 1st Edn., Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London, pp. 12, 41, 46 and 71.
  26. WHO (2011). Standards and Guidelines. Available [Online]; http://www.who.int/en.htlm.
Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 02
Issue 02
Received 07/09/2024
Accepted 16/09/2024
Published 20/10/2024
260