Dev Patel,
Meetkumar Joshi,
Yash Raj Joshi,
Indra Neel Pulidindi,
Suresh Selvaraj,
- Graduate, School of Chemical Sciences, GSFC University, Gujrat, India
- Graduate, School of Chemical Sciences, GSFC University, Gujrat, India
- Graduate, School of Chemical Sciences, GSFC University, Gujrat, India
- Scientific consultant, Jesus’ Scientific Consultancy for Industrial and Academic Research (JSCIAR), Chennai, India
- Associate professor, Department of Science and Humanities, ACE Engineering College, Telangana, India
Abstract
‘]
Sized carbon fibers with a supplementary sizing layer of MXenes (synthesized via traditional MAX phases), bonded to carbon fibers (CFs) as well as the resin matrix via different kinds of physicochemical (van der Waals force, hydrogen bonding, covalent bonding) interactions enhanced the performance of the resulting carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) materials. This is because of the strong interface generated due to the appearance of MXene at the interface of the CF and the resin matrix. Excellent enhancement in the interfacial and mechanical properties of the CFRPs with MXene modified interfaces were highlighted. Use of new two dimensional (2D) layered crystalline MXene phases and morphologies, that were made possible with the advent of the new synthetic strategies (solid state as well as chemical vapour deposition) excluding the use of MAX phases, need to be exploited for forming the supplementary sizing layer over the CFs for a breakthrough in the CFRP technology, The supplementary sizing layer of MXenes not only strengthens the bond between the CFs and the matrix but also contributes to improved durability and mechanical properties. The unique properties of MXenes, including their high electrical conductivity and chemical stability, further amplify the functionality of CFRPs. Future research should focus on exploring novel MXene phases and morphologies, synthesized via innovative methods like solid-state techniques and chemical vapor deposition, to optimize the interfacial properties and achieve unprecedented performance in CFRPs. This approach holds promise for the next generation of high-performance composite materials, pushing the boundaries of current CFRP technology.
Keywords: MXenes, transition metal carbides/nitrides/carbonitrides, carbon fibers, sizing layer, carbon fiber reinforced plastics, CFRPs
[This article belongs to International Journal of Crystalline Materials (ijcm)]
Dev Patel, Meetkumar Joshi, Yash Raj Joshi, Indra Neel Pulidindi, Suresh Selvaraj. Direct Synthetic Routes of MXenes and Their Application in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRPs) As Supplementary Sizing Layer†. International Journal of Crystalline Materials. 2024; 01(01):07-14.
Dev Patel, Meetkumar Joshi, Yash Raj Joshi, Indra Neel Pulidindi, Suresh Selvaraj. Direct Synthetic Routes of MXenes and Their Application in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRPs) As Supplementary Sizing Layer†. International Journal of Crystalline Materials. 2024; 01(01):07-14. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/ijcm/article=2024/view=171947
References ‘]
Hu Y, Chen JZ, Yang GY, et al. Highly conductive and mechanically robust MXene@CF core-shell composites for in-situ damage sensing and electromagnetic interference shielding. Compos Sci and Technol. 2024; 246:110356. 2 Hu SK, Han P, Meng C, et al. Comparative study of different bonding interactions on the interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of MXene- decorated carbon fiber/ epoxy resin composite, Compos Sci Technol. 2024; 245:110352. 3 DuanNM, LiY, Shi ZY, et al Anovelmicromechanical model for predicting the shear properties of multilayer TiCTMXene/carbon fiber fabric/epoxy composite. Polym compos. 2024; 45 (10): 9196 4 Ye WB, Zhou YF, LiuW, et al. Fabricating advancedMXene- based hybrid materials to elevate fire safety and mechanical strength in carbon fiber- reinforced bismaleimide resins. Chem Eng J. 2024; 487: 150456. 5 Guo ZW, Liu L, Ao YH. 2D/0D multiscale interfacial engineering of carbon fiber composites for simultaneous achieving high mechanical and electromagnetic interference shielding properties. Polymer composites. 2024; 45 (8):7507-518p. 6 Hu Y, Yang GY, Chen JZ, et al. Interfacial engineering of hybrid MXene- Ni- CF tri- core– shell composites for electromagnetic interference shielding and E-heating applications. Compos Part Appl Sci Manuf. 2024; 178: 107990. Kumar K, Das S, Garg R, et al. AComprehensive Review on Enhancing the Strength of CFRPs through nano- reinforcements: Applications, characterization, and challenges. J Fail Anal And Preven. 2024. 8 Wang X, Li SC, Xiang DW, et al. Flexural properties and failure mechanisms of short-carbon-fiber-reinforced polylactic acid composite modified with MXene and GO. Materials. 2024; 17:138. 9 Huang MR, Huang Y, Yang H, et al. Ti3C2Tx MXene/Fe3O4/carbon fiber fabric/water polyurethane composite fabrics for electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal management. ACS Appl. Nano Mate. 2024. 10 Hu YZG, Jiang MQ, Cong XY, et al. Lightweight, multifunctional recycled carbon fibre/MXene/PEDOT: PSS nonwoven veils with double-layered structure for excellent electromagnetic interference shielding. Chem Eng J. 2024; 489:151122. 11 Zhang W, Deng X, Sui G, et al. Improving interfacial and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-sized carbon fiber/epoxy composites. Carbon. 2019; 145,:629-639. 12 Wu Z, Cui H, Chen L, et al. Interfacially reinforced unsaturated polyester carbon fiber composites with a vinyl ester-carbon nanotubes sizing agent. Compos sci and technol. 2018; 164: 195-203. 13 Hassan EAM,, Yang L, Elagib THH, et al. Synergistic effect of hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking in interface of CF/ PEEK composites. Composites Part B. 2019; 171: 70–77. 14 Pulidindi IN, Gedanken A.Carbon Nanoparticles based Glucose Sensor, IntJ Anal Environ Chem. 2014; 94 (1): 28-35. 15 Mishra RK, Pulidindi IN, Kaba E, et al. In situ formation of carbon dots aid ampicillin sensing. Analytical Methods. 2016; 8:2441-47p. 16 Zhao X, Qi S, Liu J, et al. Preparation and mechanical performances of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites by MXene nanosheets coating. J Mater Sci Mater Electron. 2019; 30:10516-523p. 17 Lei JC, Zhang X, Zhou Z et al. Recent advances in MXene: preparation, properties and applications. Front. Phys. 10, 2015, 107303. 18 Liu L, Jia C, He J, et al. Interfacial characterization of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. Compos Sci Technol. 2015,; 121: 56-72. 19 Tzhayik O. Pulidindi I N, Gedanken A. Forming Nano Spherical Cellulose Containers. Indus Eng Chem Res. 2014; 53: 13871-80p. 20 Liu D, Li B, Li G, et al. Tagged and enhanced interface of carbon fiber/epoxy by doping sizing agent with upconversion luminescent nanoparticles. Mater Letter. 2017; 196: 37-41. 21 Viswanathan B, Indra Neel P, Varadarajan TK. Development of carbon materials for energy and environmental applications, Catal Sur Asia. 2009: 13:164-83p.22. Jeffries R. Prospects for carbon fibers. Nature. 1971; 232. 23 Nisha SS, Nikzad M, Kobaisi AM, et al. The role of ionic – liquid extracted lignin micro/nanoparticles for functionalization of an epoxy-based composite matrix. Compos Sci Technol 2019; 174: 11-9p. 24 Pulifindi IN, Gedanken A. Can Biofuels Alleviate the Energy and Environmental Crisis?, Book, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, 2019. ISBN: 978-1-53615-050-6. 25 Robertson DD, Tolbert SH. A Direct And Clean Route To MXenes: New, scalable methods synthesize two-dimensional carbide and nitride materials. Science. 2023; 379 (6638): 1189-90p. 26 Wang D, Zhou CK, Filatov AS, et al. Direct synthesis and chemical vapor deposition of 2D carbide and nitride MXenes, Science. 2023; 379: 1242–47p. 26 Yang CC, Zhu DD, Sun CY, et al. Electrothermal responsive self-healing for carbon fiber/epoxy interphase based on Diels-Alder adducts, Compos Sci Technol. 2021; 208: 108767. 28 Pulidindi IN. Gedanken A/ Surface Modification of Carbon Fibers. Preprints 2023, 2023082053. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.2053.v1, 2023. 29 Pulidindi IN. Crystallinity of Commercial Carbon Fibers from X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Studies. IJPPR, 2024: 1 (1): 17–27p. 30 Pulidindi IN, Raman spectroscopy of the determination of relative crystallinity of carbon fibers, IJCM., 2024: 1(1): 30-37. 31 Niemann VA, Doucet M, Benedek P, et al. In situ neutron reflectometry reveals the interfacial microenvironment driving electrochemical ammonia synthesis. ChemRxiv. 2024; doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-8g61h. This content is a preprint and has not been peer-reviewed.
| Volume | 01 |
| Issue | 01 |
| Received | August 2, 2024 |
| Accepted | August 8, 2024 |
| Published | September 12, 2024 |