Open Access
B.Sandeep,
Dr.K.Kishore,
Dr.P.Laxminarayana,
- a Ph.D Research Scholar, b Assistant Professor, a Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, b Mechanical Engineering Department, Vasavi College Of Engineering, Hyderabad Telangana India
- Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vasavi College of Engineering, Hyderabad Telangana India
- Senior Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana India
Abstract
The aluminium 319 (Al319) is a commonly used material for fabricating automobile components. Due to continuous friction and vibration, those components are subjected to significant wear. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the wear characteristics of this Al319. Hence, in this study Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) are reinforce to Al319 via electro-magnetic stir casting method to optimize wear characteristics without its affecting mechanical properties. Various proposition of SiC and GNPs are investigated in this study among them 17%wt SiC along with 3%wt GNPs is identified as the most significant reinforcement method. Furthermore, the electro-magnetic stir casting process parameters are optimized with the help of a Response Surface Method (RSM) called Face Centered Central Composite Design (FCCD). As a result, 100Hz stirring intensity and 11min stirring time are obtained as optimal casting settings for the selected composite. Due to this optimization process, the wear rate of Al319 is reduced upto14.45% along with 30% increase in tensile and hardness properties including 1.52% increase in material density.
Keywords: Wear rate, Al319, silicon carbide, graphene, nanoparticle, face centered central composite design.
References
- Sadhu KK, Mandal N, Sahoo RR. SiC/graphene reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites prepared by powder metallurgy: A review. J Manuf Process. 2023;91:10-43.
- Venkatesh VSS, Deoghare AB. Modelling and optimisation of wear parameters for spark plasma sintered Al–SiC–kaoline hybrid composite. Adv Mater Process Technol. 2022;8(sup3):1286-1304.
- Shaikh MBN, Aziz T, Arif S, Ansari AH, Karagiannidis PG, Uddin M. Effect of sintering techniques on microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties of Al-SiC composites. Surf Interfaces. 2020;20:100598.
- Aybarc U, Dispinar D, Seydibeyoglu MO. Aluminum metal matrix composites with SiC, Al2O3 and graphene–review. Arch Foundry Eng. 2018;18(2):5-10.
- Rajan G, Godasu AK, Mula S. Effect of friction stir processing on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of nanosized SiC reinforced AA5083 nanocomposites developed by stir casting. Mater Today Commun. 2023;35:105912.
- Kumar PA, Madhu HC, Pariyar A, Perugu CS, Kailas SV, Garg U, Rohatgi P. Friction stir processing of squeeze cast A356 with surface compacted graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) for the synthesis of metal matrix composites. Mater Sci Eng A. 2020;769:138517.
- Raheja GS, Singh S, Prakash C. Processing and characterization of Al5086-Gr-SiC hybrid surface composite using friction stir technique. Mater Today Proc. 2020;28:1350-4.
- Sharma A, Sharma VM, Jinu PAUL. A comparative study on microstructural evolution and surface properties of graphene/CNT reinforced Al6061− SiC hybrid surface composite fabricated via friction stir processing. Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China. 2019;29(10):2005-26.
- Sharma A, Sharma VM, Sahoo B, Pal SK, Paul J. Effect of multiple micro channel reinforcement filling strategy on Al6061-graphene nanocomposite fabricated through friction stir processing. J Manuf Process. 2019;37:53-70.
- Turan ME, Aydin F, Sun Y, Zengin H, Akinay Y. Wear resistance and tribological properties of GNPs and MWCNT reinforced AlSi18CuNiMg alloys produced by stir casting. Tribol Int. 2021;164:107201.
- Kumar A, Pal K, Mula S. Simultaneous improvement of mechanical strength, ductility and corrosion resistance of stir cast Al7075-2% SiC micro-and nanocomposites by friction stir processing. J Manuf Process. 2017;30:1-13.
- Arunkumar T, Selvakumaran T, Subbiah R, Ramachandran K, Manickam S. Development of high-performance aluminium 6061/SiC nanocomposites by ultrasonic aided rheo-squeeze casting method. UltrasonSonochem. 2021;76:105631.
- Kumar D, Singh S, Angra S. Dry sliding wear and microstructural behavior of stir-cast Al6061-based composite reinforced with cerium oxide and graphene nanoplatelets. Wear. 2023;516:204615.
- Li M, Guo Q, Chen L, Li L, Hou H, Zhao Y. Microstructure and properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced AZ91D matrix composites prepared by electromagnetic stirring casting. J Mater Res Technol. 2022;21:4138-50.
- Ramanathan A, Krishnan PK, Muraliraja R. A review on the production of metal matrix composites through stir casting–Furnace design, properties, challenges, and research opportunities. J Manuf Process. 2019;42:213-45.
- Chak V, Chattopadhyay H. Fabrication and heat treatment of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced aluminium nanocomposites. Mater Sci Eng A. 2020;791:139657.
- Venkatesan S, Xavior MA. Tensile behavior of aluminum alloy (AA7050) metal matrix composite reinforced with graphene fabricated by stir and squeeze cast processes. Sci Technol Mater. 2018;30(2):74-85.
- Sharma A, Vasudevan B, Sujith R, Kotkunde N, Suresh K, Gupta AK. Effect of graphene nanoplatelets on the mechanical properties of aluminium metal matrix composite. Mater Today Proc. 2019;18:2461-7.
- Gurusami K, Shalini S, Sathish T. Optimization of stir casting parameters for corrosion rate analysis of AA7068–Boron carbide composites. Mater Today Proc. 2020;33:4650-5.
- Kumar J, Kumar V, Sharma S, Chohan J, Kumar R, Singh S, Obaid AJ, Akram SV. Optimizations of reinforcing particulates and processing parameters for stir casting of aluminium metal matrix composites for sustainable properties. Mater Today Proc. 2022;68:1172-9.
- Konca E, Cheng YT, Weiner AM, Dasch JM, Erdemir A, Alpas AT. Transfer of 319 Al alloy to titanium diboride and titanium nitride based (TiAlN, TiCN, TiN) coatings: effects of sliding speed, temperature and environment. Surf Coat Technol. 2005;200(7):2260-70.
- Shalaby E, Daoud A, Abdel-Aziz M, El-Sheikh AM, Abou El-Khair MT. Tribological behavior of A319-Al2O3 or c particulate composites fabricated by stir and squeeze casting methods. In: The 19th International Conference on Composite Materials. 2013.
- Jayakumar E, Praveen AP, Rajan TPD, Pai BC. Studies on tribological characteristics of centrifugally cast SiCp-reinforced functionally graded A319 aluminium matrix composites. Trans Indian Inst Metals. 2018;71:2741-8.
- Ali J. Investigation on mechanical properties of Al319–Al2O3–TiO2 reinforced hybrid metal matrix composites. Mater Today Proc. 2021;46:6787-92.
- Andilab B, Emadi P, Sydorenko M, Ravindran C. Influence of GNP Additions on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Electrical Conductivity of Cast A319 Aluminum Alloy. Int J Metalcasting. 2023;:1-15.
- Adediran AA, Akinwande AA, Balogun OA, Olorunfemi BJ. Optimization studies of stir casting parameters and mechanical properties of TiO2 reinforced Al 7075 composite using response surface methodology. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):19860.
- Shivalingaiah K, Nagarajaiah V, Selvan CP, Kariappa ST, Chandrashekarappa NG, Lakshmikanthan A, Chandrashekarappa MPG, Linul E. Stir casting process analysis and optimization for better properties in Al-MWCNT-GR-based hybrid composites. Metals. 2022;12(8):1297.
- Balogun OA, Akinwande AA, Ogunsanya OA, Ademati AO, Adediran AA, Erinle TJ, Akinlabi ET. Central composite design and optimization of selected stir casting parameters on flexural strength and fracture toughness mTiO2p/Al 7075 composites. Mater Today Proc. 2022;62:4574-83.
- Reddy GB, Karu R, Kumar JV, Prabunivas CMA, Jain RA, Marichamy S, Ramaswamy S. Optimization of stir casting process parameter on copper aluminium composite. Mater Today Proc. 2022;66:1140-3.
- Refaai MRA, Ravi S, Prasath S, Thirupathy M, Subbiah R, Diriba A. Optimization of stir casting variables for production of multiwalled carbon nanotubes: AA7149 composite. J Nanomater. 2022;2022.
- Deshmukh S, Ingle A, Thakur D. Optimization of stir casting process parameters in the fabrication of aluminium based metal matrix composites. Mater Today Proc. 2023.
- Roy S, Saha AK, Panda S, Dey G. Optimization of turmeric oil extraction in an annular supercritical fluid extractor by comparing BBD-RSM and FCCD-RSM approaches. Mater Today Proc. 2023;76:47-55.
- Kumar SA, Vignesh JH, Joshua SP. Investigating the effect of porosity on aluminium 7075 alloy reinforced with silicon nitride (Si3N4) metal matrix composites through STIR casting process. Mater Today Proc. 2021;39:414-9.
- Nawaz A, Rani S. Fabrication and evaluation of percent porosity and density reduction of aluminium alloy foam. Mater Today Proc. 2021;47:6025-9.
- Imoisili PE, Jen TC. Modelling and optimization of the impact strength of plantain (Musa paradisiacal) fibre/MWCNT hybrid nanocomposite using response surface methodology. J Mater Res Technol. 2021;13:1946-54.
- Bhushan RK. Multi-response optimization of parameters during turning of AA7075/SiC composite for minimum surface roughness and maximum tool life. Silicon. 2021;13:2845-56.
- Srinivas D, MC G, Hiremath P, Sharma S, Shettar M, PK J. Influence of various trace metallic additions and reinforcements on A319 and A356 alloys—a review. Cogent Eng. 2022;9(1):2007746.
- Saini P, Singh PK. Fabrication and characterization of SiC-reinforced Al-4032 metal matrix composites. Eng Res Express. 2022;4(1):015004.
- Mohamadigangaraj J, Nourouzi S, Aval HJ. Statistical modelling and optimization of friction stir processing of A390-10 wt% SiC compo-cast composites. Meas. 2020;165:108166.
- Dwivedi R, Singh RK, Kumar S, Srivastava AK. Parametric optimization of process parameters during the friction stir processing of Al7075/SiC/waste eggshell surface composite. Mater Today Proc. 2021;47:3884-90.
- Zhang P, Mao Y, Yuan W, Zheng J, Hu S, Wang K. A critical review on modeling and prediction on properties of fresh and hardened geopolymer composites. J Build Eng. 2024;:109184.
- Badizi RM, Parizad A, Askari-Paykani M, Shahverdi HR. Optimization of mechanical properties using D-optimal factorial design of experiment: Electromagnetic stir casting process of A357−SiC nanocomposite. Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China. 2020;30(5):1183-94.
Journal of Polymer and Composites
Volume | |
Received | August 9, 2024 |
Accepted | August 17, 2024 |
Published | August 23, 2024 |