Devendra Singh,
Harsh Rathore,
Abstract
This study investigates the mechanical properties of Cement Treated Granular Subbase (CTGSB) with the inclusion of copper slag as a partial replacement material. The research focuses on evaluating the Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) to assess the material’s suitability for road construction. Various mix proportions of copper slag were analyzed to determine their effect on strength development. The results revealed that the ITS increased from 0.79 MPa in the control mix to 0.85 MPa with a 30% copper slag replacement. Similarly, the UCS improved from 3.31 to 4.33 N/mm² after 28 days of curing. The study confirms that incorporating copper slag enhances the structural integrity and load-bearing capacity of the subbase. These findings advocate the use of CTGSB with copper slag as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative in pavement construction.
Keywords: Cement treated granular subbase, copper slag, indirect tensile strength, unconfined compressive strength, sustainable construction, pavement performance
[This article belongs to Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications ]
Devendra Singh, Harsh Rathore. Evaluation of Indirect Tensile Strength and Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cement Treated Granular Subbase with Copper Slag. Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications. 2025; 12(02):22-26.
Devendra Singh, Harsh Rathore. Evaluation of Indirect Tensile Strength and Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cement Treated Granular Subbase with Copper Slag. Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications. 2025; 12(02):22-26. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/ttea/article=2025/view=215435
References
1. Afroz Sultana SK, Prasad KSB. Utilization of Waste Plastic as a Strength Modifier in Surface Course of Flexible and Rigid Pavements. Int J Eng Res Appl. 2012; 2(4): 1185–1191.
2. Agarwal N. Effect of stone dust on some geotechnical properties of soil. Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering. 2015; 12(01): 61–64.
3. Akshaya Kumar Sabat, Bidula Bose. Improvement in Geotechnical Properties of an Expansive Soil using Flyash – Quarry Dust Mixes. Electron J Geotech Eng. 2013; 18: 3487–3500.
4. Ali Behnood, Mahsa Modiri Gharehveran , Farhad Gozali Asl, Mahmoud Ameri. Effects of copper slag and recycled concrete aggregate on the properties of CIR mixes with bitumen emulsion, rice husk ash, Portland cement and flyash. Constr Build Mater. 2015; 96: 172–180.
5. Amir Modarres, Hamidreza Hamedi. Effect of waste plastic bottles on the stiffness and fatigue properties of modified asphalt mixes. Mater Des. 2014; 61: 8–15.
6. Amiruddin Ismail, Mojtaba Shojaei Baghini, Mohamed Rehan Bin Karim, Foad Shokri, Al-Mansoba Ramez A, Ali Asghar Firoozi, Ali Akbar Firoozi. Laboratory investigation on the strength characteristics of Cement- Treated Base. Applied Mechanics and Materials (AMM). 2014; 507: 353–360.
7. Amit Gawande, Zamarea G, Rengea VC, Saurabh Taydea, Bharsakale G. An Overview on Waste Plastic utilization in Asphalting of Roads. Journal of Engineering Research and Studies. 2012; 3(2): 01–05.
8. Anjan Kumar M, Prasada Raju GVR. Use of Lime Cement Stabilized Pavement Construction. Indian J Eng Mater Sci. 2009; 16: 269–276.
9. Arun Kumar U, Biradar Kiran B. Soft subgrade stabilization with quarry dust – An industrial waste. Int J Res Eng Technol. 2014; 03(08): 409–412.
10. Bhageerathy KP, Alex Anu P, Manju VS, Raji AK. Use of Biomedical Plastic Waste in Bituminous Road Construction. Int J Eng Adv Technol. 2014; 3(6): 89–92.
11. Bidula Bose. Geo-Engineering Properties of Expansive Soil Stabilized with Flyash. Electron J Geotech Eng. 2012; 17: 1339–1353.
12. Chayan Gupta, Ravi Kumar Sharma. Black cotton soil modification by the application of waste materials. Period Polytech Civ Eng. 2016; 60(4): 479–490.
13. Javiya Darshit H. Performance of Bituminous Mix using E- waste and Fly-ash for the Flexible pavement. Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol. 2018; 06(01): 1138–1146.
14. Gupta RC, Blessen Skariah Thomas, Prachi Gupta, Lintu Rajan, Dayan Thagriya. An experimental study of clayey soil stabilized by copper slag. Int J Struct Civ Eng Res. 2012; 01(01): 110–119.
15. Abdelfattah Hossam FH, Khalid Al-Shamsi, Khalifa Al-Jabri. Evaluation of rutting potential for asphalt concrete mixes containing copper slag. Int J Pavement Eng. 2018; 19(7): 630–640.
16. Costa Liliana MB, Silva Hugo MRD, Oliveira Joel RM, Fernande Sara RM. Incorporation of Waste Plastic in Asphalt Binders to Improve their Performance in the Pavement. Int J Pavement Res Technol. 2013; 6(4): 457–465.
17. Mohammed A, Mistry Hevin M, Patel Vikas D. Improvement in Soil properties of Expansive Soil by using Copper Slag. International Journal of Advance Research in Engineering, Science & Technology (IJAREST). 2015; 02(07): 125–30.
18. Mohan Chand A, Ramesh Babu V, Ramesh Babu B, Niveditha K. Behavior of black cotton soil with addition of copper slag and steel slag. Int Res J Eng Technol. 2017; 04(01): 752–758.
19. Murat Aziz Ozdemir. Improvement in Bearing Capacity of a Soft Soil by Addition of Flyash. Procedia Eng. 2016; 143: 498–505.
20. Patil PS, Damgir RM, Hake SL. Strengthening of Soil by Using Flyash. Int J Emerg Technol Adv Eng. 2014; 04(05): 201–205.
21. Raposeiras AC, Vargas-Cerón A, Movilla-Quesada D, Castro-Fresno D. Effect of copper slag addition on mechanical behaviour of asphalt mixes containing reclaimed asphalt pavement. Constr Build Mater. 2016; 119: 268–276.
22. Samidurai V, Gokulan Y, Krishnan N. Influence of Flyash on expansive Soils. Int J Emerg Trends Sci Technol. 2017; 04(02): 4998–5003.
23. Shukla MK, Gupta N. Evaluation of Flexible pavement with stabilized granular and bituminous base. Journal of the Indian Road Congress. 2017 Jul–Sep; 78(2): 109–120.
24. Siyyagalla Subbarayudu, Rozwana S, Susmitha Y, Mallesh M, Chandrasekhar T. Study of Soil Stabilization by using Recron-3S, Flyash & Lime. Int J Technol Res Eng. 2017; 04(09): 1568–571.
25. Srinivas A, Prasad DSV, Anjan Kumar M, Prasada Raju G. Utilisation of waste materials in the construction of roads. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD). 2015; 11(1): 55–62.
26. Venkateswarlu H, Prasad ACSV, Prasad DSV, Prasada Raju GVR. Study on Behavior of Expansive Soil Treated With Quarry Dust. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT). 2015; 4(10): 193–196.
27. Xuan DX, Houben LJM, Molenaar AAA, Shui ZH. Mechanical properties of cement-treated aggregate material – A review. Mater Des. 2012; 33: 496–502.
Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 02 |
| Received | 27/04/2025 |
| Accepted | 30/04/2025 |
| Published | 04/05/2025 |
| Publication Time | 7 Days |
Login
PlumX Metrics