Archive Resources

Journal= Volume= Issue=

    S. No.TitleAbstractFull Text PDF
  1. Capturing Student’s Attendance Using Face Recognition Abstract Pdf
  2. Comparative Study of Drain Current of Symmetric and Asymmetric DG-MOSFET with Simulation in Silvaco TCAD Software Abstract Pdf
  3. Awareness About POCSO ACT 2012 among Schools Teachers of Western Rajasthan Abstract Pdf
  4. Innovations in HRM during COVID-19 Pandemic Abstract Pdf
  5. Comparative Study of Symmetric and Asymmetric Oxide Double Gate Junction less FET Abstract Pdf
  6. Copyright Protection and Enforcement under the Cameroonian Copyright Law Abstract Pdf
  7. Fabrication of a Novel and Efficient Radiation Grafted Functionalized Polymer Adsorbent and Investigation of its Applicability in the Adsorptive Removal of Cr (VI) Ion from Aqueous Solution Abstract Pdf
  8. Intelligent Transportation System Avoids Collision by Disseminate the Warning Messages in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network Abstract Pdf
  9. Sprawling Population Growth leading to Unimaginable levels of Pollution: Case Study-Kanpur Abstract Pdf
  10. Approach of Lean Manufacturing and Optimization in an Automobile Industry Abstract Pdf
  11. Comparison & Improvement in Channel Estimation Techniques for Next Generation Network Using mm wave OFDM Channel Abstract Pdf
  12. Patentability of Food Recipes in India: An Analysis in Comparison with United States of America Abstract Pdf
  13. Copyright Law and Technology: Challenging the Concept of Balance Abstract Pdf
  14. Influence of Blogs: A Study of Young Consumers of J&K Abstract Pdf
  15. Smart Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Abstract Pdf
  16. Effect of Indigenous Micros on Metal Corrosion in Different Water Environment Abstract Pdf
  17. The Chronicle of Indian Tort Law: Dharmic Resignation, Colonial Subjugation and Legislative Development Abstract Pdf
  18. An Empirical Study on Employee Retention in Manufacturing Industries Abstract Pdf
  19. Constitutional Right to Property-A Revisit Abstract Pdf
  20. Crowdfunding: History, Progress and Major Issues Abstract Pdf
  21. Improved Unified Power Quality Conditioner Design and Numerical Simulation for Power Quality Improvement Abstract Pdf
  22. Comparative Experimental Measurement on the Fundamental Properties of Chemically Treated Natural Fibers Abstract Pdf
  23. Origin and Development of Law of Torts Abstract Pdf
  24. A Study on E-Banking and Traditional Banking Services and Comparison Abstract Pdf
  25. Incorporated Companies’ and the Need for Privacy and Confidentiality of Information Abstract Pdf
  26. Indian Financial System: Study of Money and Capital Markets Abstract Pdf
  27. Smart Electric Energy Meter: Need of Every State Electricity’s Boards in India Abstract Pdf
  28. “Feminist Criminology: Emergence of New Sphere in Modern World” Abstract Pdf
  29. Bituminous of Plastic Road Abstract Pdf
  30. General Defences against Tortorous Liability: Analytical Approach Abstract Pdf

    Journal= Volume= Issue=

      S. No.TitleAbstractFull Text PDF
    1. Capturing Student’s Attendance Using Face Recognition Abstract Pdf
    2. Comparative Study of Drain Current of Symmetric and Asymmetric DG-MOSFET with Simulation in Silvaco TCAD Software Abstract Pdf
    3. Awareness About POCSO ACT 2012 among Schools Teachers of Western Rajasthan Abstract Pdf
    4. Innovations in HRM during COVID-19 Pandemic Abstract Pdf
    5. Comparative Study of Symmetric and Asymmetric Oxide Double Gate Junction less FET Abstract Pdf
    6. Copyright Protection and Enforcement under the Cameroonian Copyright Law Abstract Pdf
    7. Fabrication of a Novel and Efficient Radiation Grafted Functionalized Polymer Adsorbent and Investigation of its Applicability in the Adsorptive Removal of Cr (VI) Ion from Aqueous Solution Abstract Pdf
    8. Intelligent Transportation System Avoids Collision by Disseminate the Warning Messages in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network Abstract Pdf
    9. Sprawling Population Growth leading to Unimaginable levels of Pollution: Case Study-Kanpur Abstract Pdf
    10. Approach of Lean Manufacturing and Optimization in an Automobile Industry Abstract Pdf
    11. Comparison & Improvement in Channel Estimation Techniques for Next Generation Network Using mm wave OFDM Channel Abstract Pdf
    12. Patentability of Food Recipes in India: An Analysis in Comparison with United States of America Abstract Pdf
    13. Copyright Law and Technology: Challenging the Concept of Balance Abstract Pdf
    14. Influence of Blogs: A Study of Young Consumers of J&K Abstract Pdf
    15. Smart Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Abstract Pdf
    16. Effect of Indigenous Micros on Metal Corrosion in Different Water Environment Abstract Pdf
    17. The Chronicle of Indian Tort Law: Dharmic Resignation, Colonial Subjugation and Legislative Development Abstract Pdf
    18. An Empirical Study on Employee Retention in Manufacturing Industries Abstract Pdf
    19. Constitutional Right to Property-A Revisit Abstract Pdf
    20. Crowdfunding: History, Progress and Major Issues Abstract Pdf
    21. Improved Unified Power Quality Conditioner Design and Numerical Simulation for Power Quality Improvement Abstract Pdf
    22. Comparative Experimental Measurement on the Fundamental Properties of Chemically Treated Natural Fibers Abstract Pdf
    23. Origin and Development of Law of Torts Abstract Pdf
    24. A Study on E-Banking and Traditional Banking Services and Comparison Abstract Pdf
    25. Incorporated Companies’ and the Need for Privacy and Confidentiality of Information Abstract Pdf
    26. Indian Financial System: Study of Money and Capital Markets Abstract Pdf
    27. Smart Electric Energy Meter: Need of Every State Electricity’s Boards in India Abstract Pdf
    28. “Feminist Criminology: Emergence of New Sphere in Modern World” Abstract Pdf
    29. Bituminous of Plastic Road Abstract Pdf
    30. General Defences against Tortorous Liability: Analytical Approach Abstract Pdf

      Journal= Volume= Issue=

        S. No.TitleAbstractFull Text PDF
      1. Capturing Student’s Attendance Using Face Recognition Abstract Pdf
      2. Comparative Study of Drain Current of Symmetric and Asymmetric DG-MOSFET with Simulation in Silvaco TCAD Software Abstract Pdf
      3. Awareness About POCSO ACT 2012 among Schools Teachers of Western Rajasthan Abstract Pdf
      4. Innovations in HRM during COVID-19 Pandemic Abstract Pdf
      5. Comparative Study of Symmetric and Asymmetric Oxide Double Gate Junction less FET Abstract Pdf
      6. Copyright Protection and Enforcement under the Cameroonian Copyright Law Abstract Pdf
      7. Fabrication of a Novel and Efficient Radiation Grafted Functionalized Polymer Adsorbent and Investigation of its Applicability in the Adsorptive Removal of Cr (VI) Ion from Aqueous Solution Abstract Pdf
      8. Intelligent Transportation System Avoids Collision by Disseminate the Warning Messages in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network Abstract Pdf
      9. Sprawling Population Growth leading to Unimaginable levels of Pollution: Case Study-Kanpur Abstract Pdf
      10. Approach of Lean Manufacturing and Optimization in an Automobile Industry Abstract Pdf
      11. Comparison & Improvement in Channel Estimation Techniques for Next Generation Network Using mm wave OFDM Channel Abstract Pdf
      12. Patentability of Food Recipes in India: An Analysis in Comparison with United States of America Abstract Pdf
      13. Copyright Law and Technology: Challenging the Concept of Balance Abstract Pdf
      14. Influence of Blogs: A Study of Young Consumers of J&K Abstract Pdf
      15. Smart Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Abstract Pdf
      16. Effect of Indigenous Micros on Metal Corrosion in Different Water Environment Abstract Pdf
      17. The Chronicle of Indian Tort Law: Dharmic Resignation, Colonial Subjugation and Legislative Development Abstract Pdf
      18. An Empirical Study on Employee Retention in Manufacturing Industries Abstract Pdf
      19. Constitutional Right to Property-A Revisit Abstract Pdf
      20. Crowdfunding: History, Progress and Major Issues Abstract Pdf
      21. Improved Unified Power Quality Conditioner Design and Numerical Simulation for Power Quality Improvement Abstract Pdf
      22. Comparative Experimental Measurement on the Fundamental Properties of Chemically Treated Natural Fibers Abstract Pdf
      23. Origin and Development of Law of Torts Abstract Pdf
      24. A Study on E-Banking and Traditional Banking Services and Comparison Abstract Pdf
      25. Incorporated Companies’ and the Need for Privacy and Confidentiality of Information Abstract Pdf
      26. Indian Financial System: Study of Money and Capital Markets Abstract Pdf
      27. Smart Electric Energy Meter: Need of Every State Electricity’s Boards in India Abstract Pdf
      28. “Feminist Criminology: Emergence of New Sphere in Modern World” Abstract Pdf
      29. Bituminous of Plastic Road Abstract Pdf
      30. General Defences against Tortorous Liability: Analytical Approach Abstract Pdf

        Journal= Volume= Issue=

          S. No.TitleAbstractFull Text PDF
        1. Capturing Student’s Attendance Using Face Recognition Abstract Pdf
        2. Comparative Study of Drain Current of Symmetric and Asymmetric DG-MOSFET with Simulation in Silvaco TCAD Software Abstract Pdf
        3. Awareness About POCSO ACT 2012 among Schools Teachers of Western Rajasthan Abstract Pdf
        4. Innovations in HRM during COVID-19 Pandemic Abstract Pdf
        5. Comparative Study of Symmetric and Asymmetric Oxide Double Gate Junction less FET Abstract Pdf
        6. Copyright Protection and Enforcement under the Cameroonian Copyright Law Abstract Pdf
        7. Fabrication of a Novel and Efficient Radiation Grafted Functionalized Polymer Adsorbent and Investigation of its Applicability in the Adsorptive Removal of Cr (VI) Ion from Aqueous Solution Abstract Pdf
        8. Intelligent Transportation System Avoids Collision by Disseminate the Warning Messages in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network Abstract Pdf
        9. Sprawling Population Growth leading to Unimaginable levels of Pollution: Case Study-Kanpur Abstract Pdf
        10. Approach of Lean Manufacturing and Optimization in an Automobile Industry Abstract Pdf
        11. Comparison & Improvement in Channel Estimation Techniques for Next Generation Network Using mm wave OFDM Channel Abstract Pdf
        12. Patentability of Food Recipes in India: An Analysis in Comparison with United States of America Abstract Pdf
        13. Copyright Law and Technology: Challenging the Concept of Balance Abstract Pdf
        14. Influence of Blogs: A Study of Young Consumers of J&K Abstract Pdf
        15. Smart Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Abstract Pdf
        16. Effect of Indigenous Micros on Metal Corrosion in Different Water Environment Abstract Pdf
        17. The Chronicle of Indian Tort Law: Dharmic Resignation, Colonial Subjugation and Legislative Development Abstract Pdf
        18. An Empirical Study on Employee Retention in Manufacturing Industries Abstract Pdf
        19. Constitutional Right to Property-A Revisit Abstract Pdf
        20. Crowdfunding: History, Progress and Major Issues Abstract Pdf
        21. Improved Unified Power Quality Conditioner Design and Numerical Simulation for Power Quality Improvement Abstract Pdf
        22. Comparative Experimental Measurement on the Fundamental Properties of Chemically Treated Natural Fibers Abstract Pdf
        23. Origin and Development of Law of Torts Abstract Pdf
        24. A Study on E-Banking and Traditional Banking Services and Comparison Abstract Pdf
        25. Incorporated Companies’ and the Need for Privacy and Confidentiality of Information Abstract Pdf
        26. Indian Financial System: Study of Money and Capital Markets Abstract Pdf
        27. Smart Electric Energy Meter: Need of Every State Electricity’s Boards in India Abstract Pdf
        28. “Feminist Criminology: Emergence of New Sphere in Modern World” Abstract Pdf
        29. Bituminous of Plastic Road Abstract Pdf
        30. General Defences against Tortorous Liability: Analytical Approach Abstract Pdf

          Journal= Volume= Issue=

            S. No.TitleAbstractFull Text PDF
          1. Capturing Student’s Attendance Using Face Recognition Abstract Pdf
          2. Comparative Study of Drain Current of Symmetric and Asymmetric DG-MOSFET with Simulation in Silvaco TCAD Software Abstract Pdf
          3. Awareness About POCSO ACT 2012 among Schools Teachers of Western Rajasthan Abstract Pdf
          4. Innovations in HRM during COVID-19 Pandemic Abstract Pdf
          5. Comparative Study of Symmetric and Asymmetric Oxide Double Gate Junction less FET Abstract Pdf
          6. Copyright Protection and Enforcement under the Cameroonian Copyright Law Abstract Pdf
          7. Fabrication of a Novel and Efficient Radiation Grafted Functionalized Polymer Adsorbent and Investigation of its Applicability in the Adsorptive Removal of Cr (VI) Ion from Aqueous Solution Abstract Pdf
          8. Intelligent Transportation System Avoids Collision by Disseminate the Warning Messages in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network Abstract Pdf
          9. Sprawling Population Growth leading to Unimaginable levels of Pollution: Case Study-Kanpur Abstract Pdf
          10. Approach of Lean Manufacturing and Optimization in an Automobile Industry Abstract Pdf
          11. Comparison & Improvement in Channel Estimation Techniques for Next Generation Network Using mm wave OFDM Channel Abstract Pdf
          12. Patentability of Food Recipes in India: An Analysis in Comparison with United States of America Abstract Pdf
          13. Copyright Law and Technology: Challenging the Concept of Balance Abstract Pdf
          14. Influence of Blogs: A Study of Young Consumers of J&K Abstract Pdf
          15. Smart Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Abstract Pdf
          16. Effect of Indigenous Micros on Metal Corrosion in Different Water Environment Abstract Pdf
          17. The Chronicle of Indian Tort Law: Dharmic Resignation, Colonial Subjugation and Legislative Development Abstract Pdf
          18. An Empirical Study on Employee Retention in Manufacturing Industries Abstract Pdf
          19. Constitutional Right to Property-A Revisit Abstract Pdf
          20. Crowdfunding: History, Progress and Major Issues Abstract Pdf
          21. Improved Unified Power Quality Conditioner Design and Numerical Simulation for Power Quality Improvement Abstract Pdf
          22. Comparative Experimental Measurement on the Fundamental Properties of Chemically Treated Natural Fibers Abstract Pdf
          23. Origin and Development of Law of Torts Abstract Pdf
          24. A Study on E-Banking and Traditional Banking Services and Comparison Abstract Pdf
          25. Incorporated Companies’ and the Need for Privacy and Confidentiality of Information Abstract Pdf
          26. Indian Financial System: Study of Money and Capital Markets Abstract Pdf
          27. Smart Electric Energy Meter: Need of Every State Electricity’s Boards in India Abstract Pdf
          28. “Feminist Criminology: Emergence of New Sphere in Modern World” Abstract Pdf
          29. Bituminous of Plastic Road Abstract Pdf
          30. General Defences against Tortorous Liability: Analytical Approach Abstract Pdf

            Journal= Volume= Issue=

              S. No.TitleAbstractFull Text PDF
            1. Capturing Student’s Attendance Using Face Recognition Abstract Pdf
            2. Comparative Study of Drain Current of Symmetric and Asymmetric DG-MOSFET with Simulation in Silvaco TCAD Software Abstract Pdf
            3. Awareness About POCSO ACT 2012 among Schools Teachers of Western Rajasthan Abstract Pdf
            4. Innovations in HRM during COVID-19 Pandemic Abstract Pdf
            5. Comparative Study of Symmetric and Asymmetric Oxide Double Gate Junction less FET Abstract Pdf
            6. Copyright Protection and Enforcement under the Cameroonian Copyright Law Abstract Pdf
            7. Fabrication of a Novel and Efficient Radiation Grafted Functionalized Polymer Adsorbent and Investigation of its Applicability in the Adsorptive Removal of Cr (VI) Ion from Aqueous Solution Abstract Pdf
            8. Intelligent Transportation System Avoids Collision by Disseminate the Warning Messages in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network Abstract Pdf
            9. Sprawling Population Growth leading to Unimaginable levels of Pollution: Case Study-Kanpur Abstract Pdf
            10. Approach of Lean Manufacturing and Optimization in an Automobile Industry Abstract Pdf
            11. Comparison & Improvement in Channel Estimation Techniques for Next Generation Network Using mm wave OFDM Channel Abstract Pdf
            12. Patentability of Food Recipes in India: An Analysis in Comparison with United States of America Abstract Pdf
            13. Copyright Law and Technology: Challenging the Concept of Balance Abstract Pdf
            14. Influence of Blogs: A Study of Young Consumers of J&K Abstract Pdf
            15. Smart Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Abstract Pdf
            16. Effect of Indigenous Micros on Metal Corrosion in Different Water Environment Abstract Pdf
            17. The Chronicle of Indian Tort Law: Dharmic Resignation, Colonial Subjugation and Legislative Development Abstract Pdf
            18. An Empirical Study on Employee Retention in Manufacturing Industries Abstract Pdf
            19. Constitutional Right to Property-A Revisit Abstract Pdf
            20. Crowdfunding: History, Progress and Major Issues Abstract Pdf
            21. Improved Unified Power Quality Conditioner Design and Numerical Simulation for Power Quality Improvement Abstract Pdf
            22. Comparative Experimental Measurement on the Fundamental Properties of Chemically Treated Natural Fibers Abstract Pdf
            23. Origin and Development of Law of Torts Abstract Pdf
            24. A Study on E-Banking and Traditional Banking Services and Comparison Abstract Pdf
            25. Incorporated Companies’ and the Need for Privacy and Confidentiality of Information Abstract Pdf
            26. Indian Financial System: Study of Money and Capital Markets Abstract Pdf
            27. Smart Electric Energy Meter: Need of Every State Electricity’s Boards in India Abstract Pdf
            28. “Feminist Criminology: Emergence of New Sphere in Modern World” Abstract Pdf
            29. Bituminous of Plastic Road Abstract Pdf
            30. General Defences against Tortorous Liability: Analytical Approach Abstract Pdf

              Journal= Volume= Issue=

                S. No.TitleAbstractFull Text PDF
              1. Capturing Student’s Attendance Using Face Recognition Abstract Pdf
              2. Comparative Study of Drain Current of Symmetric and Asymmetric DG-MOSFET with Simulation in Silvaco TCAD Software Abstract Pdf
              3. Awareness About POCSO ACT 2012 among Schools Teachers of Western Rajasthan Abstract Pdf
              4. Innovations in HRM during COVID-19 Pandemic Abstract Pdf
              5. Comparative Study of Symmetric and Asymmetric Oxide Double Gate Junction less FET Abstract Pdf
              6. Copyright Protection and Enforcement under the Cameroonian Copyright Law Abstract Pdf
              7. Fabrication of a Novel and Efficient Radiation Grafted Functionalized Polymer Adsorbent and Investigation of its Applicability in the Adsorptive Removal of Cr (VI) Ion from Aqueous Solution Abstract Pdf
              8. Intelligent Transportation System Avoids Collision by Disseminate the Warning Messages in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network Abstract Pdf
              9. Sprawling Population Growth leading to Unimaginable levels of Pollution: Case Study-Kanpur Abstract Pdf
              10. Approach of Lean Manufacturing and Optimization in an Automobile Industry Abstract Pdf
              11. Comparison & Improvement in Channel Estimation Techniques for Next Generation Network Using mm wave OFDM Channel Abstract Pdf
              12. Patentability of Food Recipes in India: An Analysis in Comparison with United States of America Abstract Pdf
              13. Copyright Law and Technology: Challenging the Concept of Balance Abstract Pdf
              14. Influence of Blogs: A Study of Young Consumers of J&K Abstract Pdf
              15. Smart Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Abstract Pdf
              16. Effect of Indigenous Micros on Metal Corrosion in Different Water Environment Abstract Pdf
              17. The Chronicle of Indian Tort Law: Dharmic Resignation, Colonial Subjugation and Legislative Development Abstract Pdf
              18. An Empirical Study on Employee Retention in Manufacturing Industries Abstract Pdf
              19. Constitutional Right to Property-A Revisit Abstract Pdf
              20. Crowdfunding: History, Progress and Major Issues Abstract Pdf
              21. Improved Unified Power Quality Conditioner Design and Numerical Simulation for Power Quality Improvement Abstract Pdf
              22. Comparative Experimental Measurement on the Fundamental Properties of Chemically Treated Natural Fibers Abstract Pdf
              23. Origin and Development of Law of Torts Abstract Pdf
              24. A Study on E-Banking and Traditional Banking Services and Comparison Abstract Pdf
              25. Incorporated Companies’ and the Need for Privacy and Confidentiality of Information Abstract Pdf
              26. Indian Financial System: Study of Money and Capital Markets Abstract Pdf
              27. Smart Electric Energy Meter: Need of Every State Electricity’s Boards in India Abstract Pdf
              28. “Feminist Criminology: Emergence of New Sphere in Modern World” Abstract Pdf
              29. Bituminous of Plastic Road Abstract Pdf
              30. General Defences against Tortorous Liability: Analytical Approach Abstract Pdf

                Journal= Volume= Issue=

                  S. No.TitleAbstractFull Text PDF
                1. Capturing Student’s Attendance Using Face Recognition Abstract Pdf
                2. Comparative Study of Drain Current of Symmetric and Asymmetric DG-MOSFET with Simulation in Silvaco TCAD Software Abstract Pdf
                3. Awareness About POCSO ACT 2012 among Schools Teachers of Western Rajasthan Abstract Pdf
                4. Innovations in HRM during COVID-19 Pandemic Abstract Pdf
                5. Comparative Study of Symmetric and Asymmetric Oxide Double Gate Junction less FET Abstract Pdf
                6. Copyright Protection and Enforcement under the Cameroonian Copyright Law Abstract Pdf
                7. Fabrication of a Novel and Efficient Radiation Grafted Functionalized Polymer Adsorbent and Investigation of its Applicability in the Adsorptive Removal of Cr (VI) Ion from Aqueous Solution Abstract Pdf
                8. Intelligent Transportation System Avoids Collision by Disseminate the Warning Messages in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network Abstract Pdf
                9. Sprawling Population Growth leading to Unimaginable levels of Pollution: Case Study-Kanpur Abstract Pdf
                10. Approach of Lean Manufacturing and Optimization in an Automobile Industry Abstract Pdf
                11. Comparison & Improvement in Channel Estimation Techniques for Next Generation Network Using mm wave OFDM Channel Abstract Pdf
                12. Patentability of Food Recipes in India: An Analysis in Comparison with United States of America Abstract Pdf
                13. Copyright Law and Technology: Challenging the Concept of Balance Abstract Pdf
                14. Influence of Blogs: A Study of Young Consumers of J&K Abstract Pdf
                15. Smart Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Abstract Pdf
                16. Effect of Indigenous Micros on Metal Corrosion in Different Water Environment Abstract Pdf
                17. The Chronicle of Indian Tort Law: Dharmic Resignation, Colonial Subjugation and Legislative Development Abstract Pdf
                18. An Empirical Study on Employee Retention in Manufacturing Industries Abstract Pdf
                19. Constitutional Right to Property-A Revisit Abstract Pdf
                20. Crowdfunding: History, Progress and Major Issues Abstract Pdf
                21. Improved Unified Power Quality Conditioner Design and Numerical Simulation for Power Quality Improvement Abstract Pdf
                22. Comparative Experimental Measurement on the Fundamental Properties of Chemically Treated Natural Fibers Abstract Pdf
                23. Origin and Development of Law of Torts Abstract Pdf
                24. A Study on E-Banking and Traditional Banking Services and Comparison Abstract Pdf
                25. Incorporated Companies’ and the Need for Privacy and Confidentiality of Information Abstract Pdf
                26. Indian Financial System: Study of Money and Capital Markets Abstract Pdf
                27. Smart Electric Energy Meter: Need of Every State Electricity’s Boards in India Abstract Pdf
                28. “Feminist Criminology: Emergence of New Sphere in Modern World” Abstract Pdf
                29. Bituminous of Plastic Road Abstract Pdf
                30. General Defences against Tortorous Liability: Analytical Approach Abstract Pdf