Archive Resources
Journal= Volume= Issue=
S. No. | Title | Abstract | Full Text PDF |
Lactoferrin: An Overview | Abstract | ||
Reducing Pesticide Residues in Food: Are Domestic Processing Practices Effective? | Abstract | ||
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles | Abstract | ||
Synthesis of Zero Valent Silver Nanoparticles by Chemical Reduction Method and its Application | Abstract | ||
Ground Water Contamination in Shallow Aquifer of Punjab State With Special Reference to Uranium | Abstract | ||
Radiative Flow of Energy Consumption with Varying Building Structures | Abstract | ||
Nanosuspension-novel Technique for Solubility Enhancement | Abstract | ||
Assessing the Baking Characteristics of Mozzarella and Pizza Cheeses | Abstract | ||
Surface-Driven Microfluidic Flow of Dyed Water for Nano-Scale Application towards the Fabrication of Nanofluidic Sensors | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Rumuodara, Rivers State, Nigeria | Abstract | ||
Banyan Aerial Root Bristle Toothbrush with Oral Irrigator | Abstract | ||
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Calpurnia Aurea and Evaluation of its Antibacterial Activity | Abstract | ||
Quality Appraisal for the Ornamental Bird, Fish, Dog, and Cat Foods Available in Bangladesh | Abstract | ||
Structural and Optical Study of CdSe Q-dots | Abstract | ||
Characterization of CeO2-NiO Thin Film Produced by Jet Nebuliser Technique | Abstract | ||
AQUASOMES: A Vesicular, Self-assembled Ceramic Nanoparticulate Drug Carrier | Abstract | ||
Formulation Development and In Vitro Evaluations of Trimetazidine and Clopidogrel Bilayered Tablets | Abstract | ||
Estimation of Microbes on Phyllopalne Region of Healthy and Infected Leaf of Ipomoea cairica by Leaf Impression Method | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Hepatic Damage in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) Exposed to Azo dye C. I. Direct Green 6 | Abstract | ||
An Approach towards in Management of Chronic Kidney Disease | Abstract | ||
Protection of Children during COVID-19 | Abstract | ||
An Exploration of Zika Virus Eruption | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Effective use of Online Webinars, Workshop, Conference and Quizzes on Library Science Professionals during Covid Scenario: A Survey | Abstract | ||
Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Bacillus subtilis (VBKT5) Isolated from Vermicompost | Abstract | ||
An Insight to Diagnosis and Management of Druginduced Hepatotoxicity: An Overview | Abstract | ||
Hold on the Wave to Save A Life | Abstract | ||
COVID-19 Pandemic: This Too Shall Pass | Abstract | ||
A Review Article on Clinical Pharmacy Overview | Abstract | ||
Effectiveness of Health Awareness Program upon Adult Vaccination among Visually Challenged | Abstract | ||
Recent Advances in Delivering Strategies of Domperidone Challenges and Opportunities | Abstract |
Journal= Volume= Issue=
S. No. | Title | Abstract | Full Text PDF |
Lactoferrin: An Overview | Abstract | ||
Reducing Pesticide Residues in Food: Are Domestic Processing Practices Effective? | Abstract | ||
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles | Abstract | ||
Synthesis of Zero Valent Silver Nanoparticles by Chemical Reduction Method and its Application | Abstract | ||
Ground Water Contamination in Shallow Aquifer of Punjab State With Special Reference to Uranium | Abstract | ||
Radiative Flow of Energy Consumption with Varying Building Structures | Abstract | ||
Nanosuspension-novel Technique for Solubility Enhancement | Abstract | ||
Assessing the Baking Characteristics of Mozzarella and Pizza Cheeses | Abstract | ||
Surface-Driven Microfluidic Flow of Dyed Water for Nano-Scale Application towards the Fabrication of Nanofluidic Sensors | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Rumuodara, Rivers State, Nigeria | Abstract | ||
Banyan Aerial Root Bristle Toothbrush with Oral Irrigator | Abstract | ||
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Calpurnia Aurea and Evaluation of its Antibacterial Activity | Abstract | ||
Quality Appraisal for the Ornamental Bird, Fish, Dog, and Cat Foods Available in Bangladesh | Abstract | ||
Structural and Optical Study of CdSe Q-dots | Abstract | ||
Characterization of CeO2-NiO Thin Film Produced by Jet Nebuliser Technique | Abstract | ||
AQUASOMES: A Vesicular, Self-assembled Ceramic Nanoparticulate Drug Carrier | Abstract | ||
Formulation Development and In Vitro Evaluations of Trimetazidine and Clopidogrel Bilayered Tablets | Abstract | ||
Estimation of Microbes on Phyllopalne Region of Healthy and Infected Leaf of Ipomoea cairica by Leaf Impression Method | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Hepatic Damage in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) Exposed to Azo dye C. I. Direct Green 6 | Abstract | ||
An Approach towards in Management of Chronic Kidney Disease | Abstract | ||
Protection of Children during COVID-19 | Abstract | ||
An Exploration of Zika Virus Eruption | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Effective use of Online Webinars, Workshop, Conference and Quizzes on Library Science Professionals during Covid Scenario: A Survey | Abstract | ||
Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Bacillus subtilis (VBKT5) Isolated from Vermicompost | Abstract | ||
An Insight to Diagnosis and Management of Druginduced Hepatotoxicity: An Overview | Abstract | ||
Hold on the Wave to Save A Life | Abstract | ||
COVID-19 Pandemic: This Too Shall Pass | Abstract | ||
A Review Article on Clinical Pharmacy Overview | Abstract | ||
Effectiveness of Health Awareness Program upon Adult Vaccination among Visually Challenged | Abstract | ||
Recent Advances in Delivering Strategies of Domperidone Challenges and Opportunities | Abstract |
Journal= Volume= Issue=
S. No. | Title | Abstract | Full Text PDF |
Lactoferrin: An Overview | Abstract | ||
Reducing Pesticide Residues in Food: Are Domestic Processing Practices Effective? | Abstract | ||
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles | Abstract | ||
Synthesis of Zero Valent Silver Nanoparticles by Chemical Reduction Method and its Application | Abstract | ||
Ground Water Contamination in Shallow Aquifer of Punjab State With Special Reference to Uranium | Abstract | ||
Radiative Flow of Energy Consumption with Varying Building Structures | Abstract | ||
Nanosuspension-novel Technique for Solubility Enhancement | Abstract | ||
Assessing the Baking Characteristics of Mozzarella and Pizza Cheeses | Abstract | ||
Surface-Driven Microfluidic Flow of Dyed Water for Nano-Scale Application towards the Fabrication of Nanofluidic Sensors | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Rumuodara, Rivers State, Nigeria | Abstract | ||
Banyan Aerial Root Bristle Toothbrush with Oral Irrigator | Abstract | ||
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Calpurnia Aurea and Evaluation of its Antibacterial Activity | Abstract | ||
Quality Appraisal for the Ornamental Bird, Fish, Dog, and Cat Foods Available in Bangladesh | Abstract | ||
Structural and Optical Study of CdSe Q-dots | Abstract | ||
Characterization of CeO2-NiO Thin Film Produced by Jet Nebuliser Technique | Abstract | ||
AQUASOMES: A Vesicular, Self-assembled Ceramic Nanoparticulate Drug Carrier | Abstract | ||
Formulation Development and In Vitro Evaluations of Trimetazidine and Clopidogrel Bilayered Tablets | Abstract | ||
Estimation of Microbes on Phyllopalne Region of Healthy and Infected Leaf of Ipomoea cairica by Leaf Impression Method | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Hepatic Damage in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) Exposed to Azo dye C. I. Direct Green 6 | Abstract | ||
An Approach towards in Management of Chronic Kidney Disease | Abstract | ||
Protection of Children during COVID-19 | Abstract | ||
An Exploration of Zika Virus Eruption | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Effective use of Online Webinars, Workshop, Conference and Quizzes on Library Science Professionals during Covid Scenario: A Survey | Abstract | ||
Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Bacillus subtilis (VBKT5) Isolated from Vermicompost | Abstract | ||
An Insight to Diagnosis and Management of Druginduced Hepatotoxicity: An Overview | Abstract | ||
Hold on the Wave to Save A Life | Abstract | ||
COVID-19 Pandemic: This Too Shall Pass | Abstract | ||
A Review Article on Clinical Pharmacy Overview | Abstract | ||
Effectiveness of Health Awareness Program upon Adult Vaccination among Visually Challenged | Abstract | ||
Recent Advances in Delivering Strategies of Domperidone Challenges and Opportunities | Abstract |
Journal= Volume= Issue=
S. No. | Title | Abstract | Full Text PDF |
Lactoferrin: An Overview | Abstract | ||
Reducing Pesticide Residues in Food: Are Domestic Processing Practices Effective? | Abstract | ||
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles | Abstract | ||
Synthesis of Zero Valent Silver Nanoparticles by Chemical Reduction Method and its Application | Abstract | ||
Ground Water Contamination in Shallow Aquifer of Punjab State With Special Reference to Uranium | Abstract | ||
Radiative Flow of Energy Consumption with Varying Building Structures | Abstract | ||
Nanosuspension-novel Technique for Solubility Enhancement | Abstract | ||
Assessing the Baking Characteristics of Mozzarella and Pizza Cheeses | Abstract | ||
Surface-Driven Microfluidic Flow of Dyed Water for Nano-Scale Application towards the Fabrication of Nanofluidic Sensors | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Rumuodara, Rivers State, Nigeria | Abstract | ||
Banyan Aerial Root Bristle Toothbrush with Oral Irrigator | Abstract | ||
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Calpurnia Aurea and Evaluation of its Antibacterial Activity | Abstract | ||
Quality Appraisal for the Ornamental Bird, Fish, Dog, and Cat Foods Available in Bangladesh | Abstract | ||
Structural and Optical Study of CdSe Q-dots | Abstract | ||
Characterization of CeO2-NiO Thin Film Produced by Jet Nebuliser Technique | Abstract | ||
AQUASOMES: A Vesicular, Self-assembled Ceramic Nanoparticulate Drug Carrier | Abstract | ||
Formulation Development and In Vitro Evaluations of Trimetazidine and Clopidogrel Bilayered Tablets | Abstract | ||
Estimation of Microbes on Phyllopalne Region of Healthy and Infected Leaf of Ipomoea cairica by Leaf Impression Method | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Hepatic Damage in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) Exposed to Azo dye C. I. Direct Green 6 | Abstract | ||
An Approach towards in Management of Chronic Kidney Disease | Abstract | ||
Protection of Children during COVID-19 | Abstract | ||
An Exploration of Zika Virus Eruption | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Effective use of Online Webinars, Workshop, Conference and Quizzes on Library Science Professionals during Covid Scenario: A Survey | Abstract | ||
Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Bacillus subtilis (VBKT5) Isolated from Vermicompost | Abstract | ||
An Insight to Diagnosis and Management of Druginduced Hepatotoxicity: An Overview | Abstract | ||
Hold on the Wave to Save A Life | Abstract | ||
COVID-19 Pandemic: This Too Shall Pass | Abstract | ||
A Review Article on Clinical Pharmacy Overview | Abstract | ||
Effectiveness of Health Awareness Program upon Adult Vaccination among Visually Challenged | Abstract | ||
Recent Advances in Delivering Strategies of Domperidone Challenges and Opportunities | Abstract |
Journal= Volume= Issue=
S. No. | Title | Abstract | Full Text PDF |
Lactoferrin: An Overview | Abstract | ||
Reducing Pesticide Residues in Food: Are Domestic Processing Practices Effective? | Abstract | ||
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles | Abstract | ||
Synthesis of Zero Valent Silver Nanoparticles by Chemical Reduction Method and its Application | Abstract | ||
Ground Water Contamination in Shallow Aquifer of Punjab State With Special Reference to Uranium | Abstract | ||
Radiative Flow of Energy Consumption with Varying Building Structures | Abstract | ||
Nanosuspension-novel Technique for Solubility Enhancement | Abstract | ||
Assessing the Baking Characteristics of Mozzarella and Pizza Cheeses | Abstract | ||
Surface-Driven Microfluidic Flow of Dyed Water for Nano-Scale Application towards the Fabrication of Nanofluidic Sensors | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Rumuodara, Rivers State, Nigeria | Abstract | ||
Banyan Aerial Root Bristle Toothbrush with Oral Irrigator | Abstract | ||
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Calpurnia Aurea and Evaluation of its Antibacterial Activity | Abstract | ||
Quality Appraisal for the Ornamental Bird, Fish, Dog, and Cat Foods Available in Bangladesh | Abstract | ||
Structural and Optical Study of CdSe Q-dots | Abstract | ||
Characterization of CeO2-NiO Thin Film Produced by Jet Nebuliser Technique | Abstract | ||
AQUASOMES: A Vesicular, Self-assembled Ceramic Nanoparticulate Drug Carrier | Abstract | ||
Formulation Development and In Vitro Evaluations of Trimetazidine and Clopidogrel Bilayered Tablets | Abstract | ||
Estimation of Microbes on Phyllopalne Region of Healthy and Infected Leaf of Ipomoea cairica by Leaf Impression Method | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Hepatic Damage in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) Exposed to Azo dye C. I. Direct Green 6 | Abstract | ||
An Approach towards in Management of Chronic Kidney Disease | Abstract | ||
Protection of Children during COVID-19 | Abstract | ||
An Exploration of Zika Virus Eruption | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Effective use of Online Webinars, Workshop, Conference and Quizzes on Library Science Professionals during Covid Scenario: A Survey | Abstract | ||
Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Bacillus subtilis (VBKT5) Isolated from Vermicompost | Abstract | ||
An Insight to Diagnosis and Management of Druginduced Hepatotoxicity: An Overview | Abstract | ||
Hold on the Wave to Save A Life | Abstract | ||
COVID-19 Pandemic: This Too Shall Pass | Abstract | ||
A Review Article on Clinical Pharmacy Overview | Abstract | ||
Effectiveness of Health Awareness Program upon Adult Vaccination among Visually Challenged | Abstract | ||
Recent Advances in Delivering Strategies of Domperidone Challenges and Opportunities | Abstract |
Journal= Volume= Issue=
S. No. | Title | Abstract | Full Text PDF |
Lactoferrin: An Overview | Abstract | ||
Reducing Pesticide Residues in Food: Are Domestic Processing Practices Effective? | Abstract | ||
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles | Abstract | ||
Synthesis of Zero Valent Silver Nanoparticles by Chemical Reduction Method and its Application | Abstract | ||
Ground Water Contamination in Shallow Aquifer of Punjab State With Special Reference to Uranium | Abstract | ||
Radiative Flow of Energy Consumption with Varying Building Structures | Abstract | ||
Nanosuspension-novel Technique for Solubility Enhancement | Abstract | ||
Assessing the Baking Characteristics of Mozzarella and Pizza Cheeses | Abstract | ||
Surface-Driven Microfluidic Flow of Dyed Water for Nano-Scale Application towards the Fabrication of Nanofluidic Sensors | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Rumuodara, Rivers State, Nigeria | Abstract | ||
Banyan Aerial Root Bristle Toothbrush with Oral Irrigator | Abstract | ||
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Calpurnia Aurea and Evaluation of its Antibacterial Activity | Abstract | ||
Quality Appraisal for the Ornamental Bird, Fish, Dog, and Cat Foods Available in Bangladesh | Abstract | ||
Structural and Optical Study of CdSe Q-dots | Abstract | ||
Characterization of CeO2-NiO Thin Film Produced by Jet Nebuliser Technique | Abstract | ||
AQUASOMES: A Vesicular, Self-assembled Ceramic Nanoparticulate Drug Carrier | Abstract | ||
Formulation Development and In Vitro Evaluations of Trimetazidine and Clopidogrel Bilayered Tablets | Abstract | ||
Estimation of Microbes on Phyllopalne Region of Healthy and Infected Leaf of Ipomoea cairica by Leaf Impression Method | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Hepatic Damage in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) Exposed to Azo dye C. I. Direct Green 6 | Abstract | ||
An Approach towards in Management of Chronic Kidney Disease | Abstract | ||
Protection of Children during COVID-19 | Abstract | ||
An Exploration of Zika Virus Eruption | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Effective use of Online Webinars, Workshop, Conference and Quizzes on Library Science Professionals during Covid Scenario: A Survey | Abstract | ||
Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Bacillus subtilis (VBKT5) Isolated from Vermicompost | Abstract | ||
An Insight to Diagnosis and Management of Druginduced Hepatotoxicity: An Overview | Abstract | ||
Hold on the Wave to Save A Life | Abstract | ||
COVID-19 Pandemic: This Too Shall Pass | Abstract | ||
A Review Article on Clinical Pharmacy Overview | Abstract | ||
Effectiveness of Health Awareness Program upon Adult Vaccination among Visually Challenged | Abstract | ||
Recent Advances in Delivering Strategies of Domperidone Challenges and Opportunities | Abstract |
Journal= Volume= Issue=
S. No. | Title | Abstract | Full Text PDF |
Lactoferrin: An Overview | Abstract | ||
Reducing Pesticide Residues in Food: Are Domestic Processing Practices Effective? | Abstract | ||
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles | Abstract | ||
Synthesis of Zero Valent Silver Nanoparticles by Chemical Reduction Method and its Application | Abstract | ||
Ground Water Contamination in Shallow Aquifer of Punjab State With Special Reference to Uranium | Abstract | ||
Radiative Flow of Energy Consumption with Varying Building Structures | Abstract | ||
Nanosuspension-novel Technique for Solubility Enhancement | Abstract | ||
Assessing the Baking Characteristics of Mozzarella and Pizza Cheeses | Abstract | ||
Surface-Driven Microfluidic Flow of Dyed Water for Nano-Scale Application towards the Fabrication of Nanofluidic Sensors | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Rumuodara, Rivers State, Nigeria | Abstract | ||
Banyan Aerial Root Bristle Toothbrush with Oral Irrigator | Abstract | ||
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Calpurnia Aurea and Evaluation of its Antibacterial Activity | Abstract | ||
Quality Appraisal for the Ornamental Bird, Fish, Dog, and Cat Foods Available in Bangladesh | Abstract | ||
Structural and Optical Study of CdSe Q-dots | Abstract | ||
Characterization of CeO2-NiO Thin Film Produced by Jet Nebuliser Technique | Abstract | ||
AQUASOMES: A Vesicular, Self-assembled Ceramic Nanoparticulate Drug Carrier | Abstract | ||
Formulation Development and In Vitro Evaluations of Trimetazidine and Clopidogrel Bilayered Tablets | Abstract | ||
Estimation of Microbes on Phyllopalne Region of Healthy and Infected Leaf of Ipomoea cairica by Leaf Impression Method | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Hepatic Damage in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) Exposed to Azo dye C. I. Direct Green 6 | Abstract | ||
An Approach towards in Management of Chronic Kidney Disease | Abstract | ||
Protection of Children during COVID-19 | Abstract | ||
An Exploration of Zika Virus Eruption | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Effective use of Online Webinars, Workshop, Conference and Quizzes on Library Science Professionals during Covid Scenario: A Survey | Abstract | ||
Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Bacillus subtilis (VBKT5) Isolated from Vermicompost | Abstract | ||
An Insight to Diagnosis and Management of Druginduced Hepatotoxicity: An Overview | Abstract | ||
Hold on the Wave to Save A Life | Abstract | ||
COVID-19 Pandemic: This Too Shall Pass | Abstract | ||
A Review Article on Clinical Pharmacy Overview | Abstract | ||
Effectiveness of Health Awareness Program upon Adult Vaccination among Visually Challenged | Abstract | ||
Recent Advances in Delivering Strategies of Domperidone Challenges and Opportunities | Abstract |
Journal= Volume= Issue=
S. No. | Title | Abstract | Full Text PDF |
Lactoferrin: An Overview | Abstract | ||
Reducing Pesticide Residues in Food: Are Domestic Processing Practices Effective? | Abstract | ||
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles | Abstract | ||
Synthesis of Zero Valent Silver Nanoparticles by Chemical Reduction Method and its Application | Abstract | ||
Ground Water Contamination in Shallow Aquifer of Punjab State With Special Reference to Uranium | Abstract | ||
Radiative Flow of Energy Consumption with Varying Building Structures | Abstract | ||
Nanosuspension-novel Technique for Solubility Enhancement | Abstract | ||
Assessing the Baking Characteristics of Mozzarella and Pizza Cheeses | Abstract | ||
Surface-Driven Microfluidic Flow of Dyed Water for Nano-Scale Application towards the Fabrication of Nanofluidic Sensors | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Rumuodara, Rivers State, Nigeria | Abstract | ||
Banyan Aerial Root Bristle Toothbrush with Oral Irrigator | Abstract | ||
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Calpurnia Aurea and Evaluation of its Antibacterial Activity | Abstract | ||
Quality Appraisal for the Ornamental Bird, Fish, Dog, and Cat Foods Available in Bangladesh | Abstract | ||
Structural and Optical Study of CdSe Q-dots | Abstract | ||
Characterization of CeO2-NiO Thin Film Produced by Jet Nebuliser Technique | Abstract | ||
AQUASOMES: A Vesicular, Self-assembled Ceramic Nanoparticulate Drug Carrier | Abstract | ||
Formulation Development and In Vitro Evaluations of Trimetazidine and Clopidogrel Bilayered Tablets | Abstract | ||
Estimation of Microbes on Phyllopalne Region of Healthy and Infected Leaf of Ipomoea cairica by Leaf Impression Method | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Hepatic Damage in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) Exposed to Azo dye C. I. Direct Green 6 | Abstract | ||
An Approach towards in Management of Chronic Kidney Disease | Abstract | ||
Protection of Children during COVID-19 | Abstract | ||
An Exploration of Zika Virus Eruption | Abstract | ||
Assessment of Effective use of Online Webinars, Workshop, Conference and Quizzes on Library Science Professionals during Covid Scenario: A Survey | Abstract | ||
Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Bacillus subtilis (VBKT5) Isolated from Vermicompost | Abstract | ||
An Insight to Diagnosis and Management of Druginduced Hepatotoxicity: An Overview | Abstract | ||
Hold on the Wave to Save A Life | Abstract | ||
COVID-19 Pandemic: This Too Shall Pass | Abstract | ||
A Review Article on Clinical Pharmacy Overview | Abstract | ||
Effectiveness of Health Awareness Program upon Adult Vaccination among Visually Challenged | Abstract | ||
Recent Advances in Delivering Strategies of Domperidone Challenges and Opportunities | Abstract |