Reproductive Challenges in Tropical Dairy Cows: Exploring Stressors and Mitigation Strategies for Sustainable Development

Year : 2026 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 02 | Page : 7 26
By

Md. Emran Hossain,

Shilpi Islam,

  1. Professor, Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, India
  2. Professor, Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Gazipur Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, India

Abstract

Reproductive efficiency in tropical dairy cows is often compromised by a range of environmental, nutritional, and management-related stressors. These stressors, including heat, humidity, poor-quality feed, disease, and parasitic infestations, significantly affect fertility, leading to prolonged calving intervals, reduced conception rates, and increased reproductive disorders. Heat stress, in particular, has been identified as a primary factor influencing reproductive performance by disrupting hormonal balance, reducing feed intake, and impairing overall cow health. Additionally, nutritional deficiencies, such as imbalances in protein, energy, and essential micronutrients, exacerbate metabolic disorders that further compromise fertility. Infectious diseases and parasitic infestations further complicate the situation, reducing immune function and increasing susceptibility to reproductive disorders. This study explores the various stressors that hinder reproductive efficiency in tropical dairy cows and presents practical mitigation strategies for addressing these challenges. The paper discusses the importance of heat abatement measures, optimal nutrition strategies, and effective disease and parasite management in enhancing fertility. Additionally, the role of genetic selection for heat tolerance and reproductive traits, alongside advancements in management practices, is examined as part of a sustainable approach to improving reproductive outcomes. By focusing on integrated management solutions, this study aims to provide insights into improving the reproductive performance of dairy cows in tropical regions, ensuring both animal welfare and farm productivity in the face of ongoing climate change

Keywords: Climate change, dairy cow fertility, heat stress, nutritional stress, reproductive disorders, sustainable development, tropical dairy farming

[This article belongs to Research and Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology ]

How to cite this article: Md. Emran Hossain, Shilpi Islam. Reproductive Challenges in Tropical Dairy Cows: Exploring Stressors and Mitigation Strategies for Sustainable Development. Research and Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2025; 15(02):7-26.
How to cite this URL: Md. Emran Hossain, Shilpi Islam. Reproductive Challenges in Tropical Dairy Cows: Exploring Stressors and Mitigation Strategies for Sustainable Development. Research and Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2025; 15(02):7-26. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjovst/article=2025/view=257252

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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 15
Issue 02
Received 21/10/2025
Accepted 01/12/2025
Published 02/12/2025
Publication Time 42 Days

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