Satellite Sensing in Climate Change Study: A Review

Year : 2025 | Volume : 14 | Issue : 02 | Page : 1-11
    By

    K Kazi,

  • Milind Shivaji Kadam,

  1. Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brahmdevdada Mane Institute of Technology, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
  2. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brahmdevdada Mane Institute of Technology, Solapur, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

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Satellite remote sensing has revolutionized our understanding of climate change, providing a global and continuous perspective on Earth’s climate system. This study highlights the crucial role of satellite observations in monitoring key climate variables, such as sea surface temperature, ice sheet extent, vegetation cover, and atmospheric composition. From monitoring greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to mapping ice sheet thickness and sea level rise, satellite instruments offer invaluable data for tracking climate trends and validating climate models. By leveraging a diverse array of sensors and platforms, satellite data enables the detection of long-term trends, assessment of climate feedback mechanisms, and evaluation of climate model performance. Crucially, satellite observations underpin the development of effective climate mitigation and adaptation strategies by informing policy decisions and supporting sustainable resource management. Satellite remote sensing has become a vital tool for tracking and comprehending climate change, especially in hard-to-reach places like dense jungles and polar regions. Monitoring changes in Earth’s frozen zones has been made possible in large part by satellites such as NASA’s ICESat-2 and ESA’s CryoSat. Significant ice loss in Greenland and Antarctica has been revealed by CryoSat, which uses radar wave reflections to determine ice thickness and contribute to sea level rise worldwide. ICESat-2 improves our knowledge of ice sheet dynamics by using laser altimetry to identify subtle variations in ice height. These findings are essential to comprehending how sea level rise and arctic ecosystems are affected by global warming. Satellites outside of the polar regions track vegetation health, land-use changes, and deforestation in dense rainforests, giving vital information for monitoring carbon emissions and biodiversity loss. To estimate agricultural output and manage food security in the face of changing climate circumstances, remote sensing technologies are used in agriculture to evaluate land-use patterns, crop health, and soil moisture levels. Real-time information on environmental changes is provided via satellite-derived data, which aids in disaster management and urban planning. This information helps policymakers create resilience and climate adaptation plans, especially in areas that are at risk. NASA’s Earth observation data, for example, helps us to understand the effects of climate change and guides adaptation and mitigation plans.

Keywords: Satellite, sensing, climate change, environmental study, CryoSat

[This article belongs to Research & Reviews : Journal of Space Science & Technology ]

How to cite this article:
K Kazi, Milind Shivaji Kadam. Satellite Sensing in Climate Change Study: A Review. Research & Reviews : Journal of Space Science & Technology. 2025; 14(02):1-11.
How to cite this URL:
K Kazi, Milind Shivaji Kadam. Satellite Sensing in Climate Change Study: A Review. Research & Reviews : Journal of Space Science & Technology. 2025; 14(02):1-11. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjosst/article=2025/view=0


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 14
Issue 02
Received 26/05/2025
Accepted 28/05/2025
Published 21/06/2025
Publication Time 26 Days
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