Association of Metabolic Syndrome with Cholelithiasis in Female Patients and Its Impact on Clinical Management and Surgical Outcome

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Notice

nThis is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.n

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Year : 2025 [if 2224 equals=””]11/10/2025 at 5:25 PM[/if 2224] | [if 1553 equals=””] Volume : 14 [else] Volume : 14[/if 1553] | [if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue : [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424] 03 | Page :

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    Yassir Mehmood, Umbreen Nazir,

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  1. Senior Resident, Senior Resident, Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College, Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu, India, India

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Abstract

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nBackground: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which may predispose to gallstone formation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between MetS and cholelithiasis in female patients and to assess its impact on clinical presentation, surgical difficulty, and postoperative outcomes. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 88 female patients with ultrasonography-confirmed cholelithiasis. Patients were divided into two groups: MetS (n=44) and non-MetS (n=44). Demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, imaging, operative details, and postoperative outcomes were compared between groups. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Patients with MetS had higher BMI (32.1 ± 4.5 vs 28.4 ± 3.9 kg/m²) and waist circumference (94.5 ± 8.2 vs 80.3 ± 7.1 cm) compared to non-MetS patients. Hypertension (68% vs 45%) and diabetes (61% vs 28%) were more prevalent in MetS patients. Laboratory findings revealed higher total cholesterol (220 ± 45 vs 190 ± 40 mg/dL) and triglycerides (180 ± 60 vs 140 ± 50 mg/dL), lower HDL-C (40 ± 10 vs 50 ± 12 mg/dL), increased gallbladder wall thickness (4.5 ± 1.2 vs 3.8 ± 1.0 mm), and larger stone size (12.3 ± 3.5 vs 10.1 ± 2.8 mm) in the MetS group. Operative time was longer in MetS patients (75 ± 15 vs 65 ± 12 min), with increased intraoperative difficulty (25% vs 15%) and slightly higher conversion rates to open surgery (10% vs 5%). Postoperative complications, including surgical site infection (12% vs 8%) and longer hospital stay (4.5 ± 1.2 vs 3.8 ± 1.0 days), were more common in MetS patients. Conclusion: MetS is associated with increased operative difficulty, longer surgery duration, and higher postoperative complication rates in female patients with cholelithiasis. Preoperative identification and optimization of metabolic abnormalities may improve perioperative outcomes and reduce surgical risk.nn

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Keywords: Metabolic syndrome; Cholelithiasis; Female patients; Surgical outcomes; Postoperative complications

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research and Reviews : Journal of Surgery ]

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[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue under section in Research and Reviews : Journal of Surgery (rrjos)][/if 424][if 424 equals=”Conference”]This article belongs to Conference [/if 424]

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How to cite this article:
nYassir Mehmood, Umbreen Nazir. [if 2584 equals=”][226 wpautop=0 striphtml=1][else]Association of Metabolic Syndrome with Cholelithiasis in Female Patients and Its Impact on Clinical Management and Surgical Outcome[/if 2584]. Research and Reviews : Journal of Surgery. 05/10/2025; 14(03):-.

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How to cite this URL:
nYassir Mehmood, Umbreen Nazir. [if 2584 equals=”][226 striphtml=1][else]Association of Metabolic Syndrome with Cholelithiasis in Female Patients and Its Impact on Clinical Management and Surgical Outcome[/if 2584]. Research and Reviews : Journal of Surgery. 05/10/2025; 14(03):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjos/article=05/10/2025/view=0

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[if 424 not_equal=””]Regular Issue[else]Published[/if 424] Subscription Original Research

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Volume 14
[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424] 03
Received 30/09/2025
Accepted 01/10/2025
Published 05/10/2025
Retracted
Publication Time 5 Days

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