Poonam,
Nchang Fondah Awamofor,
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Dist. Bathinda, Punjab, India
- Student, Department of Pharmacy, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Dist. Bathinda, Punjab, India
Abstract
Cervical spine disorders encompass a spectrum of conditions including degenerative spondylosis, disc herniation, traumatic injuries, and myelopathy that impair quality of life through chronic pain, neurological deficits, and functional limitations. Globally, neck pain affects over 200 million individuals, with an age-standardized prevalence of 2666 per 100000 population and an incidence of 816 per 100000 person-years, contributing to significant years lived with disability (YLDs). Economic analyses estimate annual direct healthcare costs exceeding $30 billion and indirect costs from lost productivity and disability amounting to over $60 billion worldwide. Rising trends correlate with aging demographics, sedentary occupations, and ―tech-neck‖ from prolonged device use, particularly among individuals aged 45–54 and women, who exhibit a 20% higher burden. This review synthesizes current knowledge on epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, conservative and surgical management strategies, and preventive measures. It integrates survey-based insights from a cohort of 25 pharmacy students highlighting awareness gaps, symptom prevalence, and health-seeking behaviors and underscores the pivotal role of pharmacists in multidisciplinary care. Finally, we provide evidence-based recommendations for education, research, and policy to mitigate the growing impact of cervical spine disorders.
Keywords: Cervical spondylosis ,Radiculopathy, Myelopathy, Ergonomics, Pharmacist role, Survey insights, Cervical spondylosis, Radiculopathy, Myelopathy, Ergonomics, ·Pharmacist role, Survey insights
[This article belongs to Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology ]
Poonam, Nchang Fondah Awamofor. Understanding the Cervical Spine Disorder: A Cross-sectional Survey Study. Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology. 2025; 15(03):-.
Poonam, Nchang Fondah Awamofor. Understanding the Cervical Spine Disorder: A Cross-sectional Survey Study. Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology. 2025; 15(03):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjop/article=2025/view=228590
References
1. Cleveland Clinic. Cervical Spine (Neck): What It Is, Anatomy & Disorders. Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22278-cervical-spine
2. Kaiser JT, Reddy V, Launico MV, Lugo-Pico JG. Anatomy, Head and Neck: Cervical Vertebrae. 2023 Oct 24. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 30969556.
3. Ferrara LA. The biomechanics of cervical spondylosis. Adv Orthop. 2012;2012:493605. doi: 10.1155/2012/493605. Epub 2012 Feb 1. PMID: 22400120;
4. Physiopedia. Structure and Function of the Cervical Spine. Retrieved from https://www.physio-pedia.com/Structure_and_Function_of_the_Cervical_Spine
5. Lv, Y., Tian, W., Wang, L., Duan, F., & Chen, D. (2018). The prevalence and associated factors of symptomatic cervical spondylosis in Chinese adults: a community-based cross- sectional study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 19, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-018-2234-0
6. Yang M, Du J, Lu H, Xiang F, Mei H, Xiao H. Global trends and age-specific incidence and mortality of cervical cancer from 1990 to 2019: an international comparative study based on the Global Burden of Disease. BMJ open. 2022 Jul 1;12(7):e055470. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/7/e055470
7. Lee, C. H., & Lee, S. H. (2015). Cervical spondylosis: a review of pathophysiology and management. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 10, 1–7.
8. Bogduk, N. Clinical anatomy of the cervical spine. Clinical Anatomy, 22(3), 249–257 (2009).
9. Mummaneni, P. V., & Matz, P. G. (2010). Diagnostic approaches to cervical spondylosis. Neurosurgical Focus, 28(3), E1.
10. StatPearls. Cervical Spondylosis. (2023). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551557/
11. Mayo Clinic. Cervical Spondylosis – Symptoms & Causes. (2023). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervical-spondylosis/symptoms- causes/syc-20370787
12. Frontiers in Pain Research. Pharmacology of spinal interventions: review of agents used in spine pain procedures. (2024). https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pain- research/articles/10.3389/fpain.2024.1408905/full
13. Peloso PM, Khan M, Gross AR, Carlesso L, Santaguida L, Lowcock J, Macdermid JC, Walton D, Goldsmith CH, Langevin P, Shi Q. Pharmacological Interventions Including Medical Injections for Neck Pain: An Overview as Part of the ICON Project. Open Orthop J. 2013 Sep 20;7:473-93. doi: 10.2174/1874325001307010473.
14. Brinjikji, W., et al. (2023). Prevalence of Incidental Disk Bulges in Asymptomatic Adults. Spine Journal, 23(4), 567–574.
15. Galbusera, F., et al. (2022). AI-Driven Diagnostics in Spinal Imaging. European Spine Journal, 31(8), 2109–2118.
16. Nouri, A., et al. (2022). Dynamic Cervical Stenosis: A 3D MRI Study. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 36(1), 45–53.
17. Mayo Clinic Health System. Tech neck: Effect of technology. (2023). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/effect-of- technology-on-your-neck
18. Medical News Today. Text neck syndrome: Symptoms, complications, and treatment. (2023). Retrieved from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/text-neck-syndrome
19. Das S, Datta PP, Das M, De S, Firdoush KA, Sardar T, Datta D, Jana TK, Ghosh MK, Dutta S, Nandy SN. Epidemiology of cervical spinal cord injury in eastern India: an autopsy-based study. The New Zealand Medical Journal (Online). 2013 Jun 28;126(1377).
20. SoCal Brain & Spine. The Importance of Early Diagnosis in Spine Health. (2024). Retrieved from https://socalbrainspine.com/blog/early-diagnosis-in-spine-health/
21. New York Spine Specialist. The Importance of Early Diagnosis in Treating Spinal Conditions. (2024). Retrieved from https://newyorkspinespecialist.com/early-diagnosis- in-treating-spinal-conditions/
22. BMC Public Health. 6 hours of sedentary behavior a day linked to neck pain. (2025). Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2025/04/28/neck-pain-sedentary-cellphone-posture/.
23. Lee, C. H., & Lee, S. H. Cervical spondylosis: a review of pathophysiology and management. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 10, 1–7 (2015).

Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology
| Volume | 15 |
| Issue | 03 |
| Received | 09/07/2025 |
| Accepted | 24/07/2025 |
| Published | 03/10/2025 |
| Publication Time | 86 Days |
PlumX Metrics
