Collaborative Care for Diabetic Retinopathy: Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy Services – A Comprehensive Review

Year : 2025 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 03 | Page : 118 128
    By

    A Shannumukha Sainath,

  • R Deepak Kumar Reddy,

  • B Keshavaradhan,

  • C. Sai Keerthi,

  • Karthik Manikanta,

  • M. Suneetha,

  1. Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nirmala College of Pharmacy – Autonomous, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
  2. Pharm.D Interns, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nirmala College of Pharmacy – Autonomous, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
  3. Pharm.D Interns, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nirmala College of Pharmacy – Autonomous, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
  4. Pharm.D Interns, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nirmala College of Pharmacy – Autonomous, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
  5. Pharm.D Interns, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nirmala College of Pharmacy – Autonomous, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
  6. Pharm.D Interns, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nirmala College of Pharmacy – Autonomous, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains the leading cause of blindness among working-age adults globally, affecting approximately 103 million people worldwide. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies with clinical pharmacy services presents unprecedented opportunities to enhance screening, diagnosis, and management of DR through collaborative care models. Objective: This comprehensive review examines the current landscape of collaborative care approaches for diabetic retinopathy management, focusing on the integration of AI-powered diagnostic tools with clinical pharmacy services to improve patient outcomes and healthcare delivery efficiency. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases from 2018-2024, focusing on studies investigating AI applications in DR screening, clinical pharmacy interventions in diabetes care, and collaborative care models. Results: Evidence demonstrates that AI-powered screening tools achieve sensitivity rates of 85-95% for detecting referable DR, while clinical pharmacy interventions improve glycemic control by 0.5-1.2% HbA1c reduction. Collaborative care models integrating both approaches show superior outcomes compared to traditional care pathways. Conclusion: The synergistic integration of AI technologies with clinical pharmacy services represents a paradigm shift toward more efficient, accessible, and patient-centered care for diabetic retinopathy management.

Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Artificial intelligence, Clinical pharmacy, Collaborative care, Telemedicine, Diabetes management

[This article belongs to Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology ]

How to cite this article:
A Shannumukha Sainath, R Deepak Kumar Reddy, B Keshavaradhan, C. Sai Keerthi, Karthik Manikanta, M. Suneetha. Collaborative Care for Diabetic Retinopathy: Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy Services – A Comprehensive Review. Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology. 2025; 15(03):118-128.
How to cite this URL:
A Shannumukha Sainath, R Deepak Kumar Reddy, B Keshavaradhan, C. Sai Keerthi, Karthik Manikanta, M. Suneetha. Collaborative Care for Diabetic Retinopathy: Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy Services – A Comprehensive Review. Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology. 2025; 15(03):118-128. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjop/article=2025/view=228588


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 15
Issue 03
Received 03/07/2025
Accepted 24/07/2025
Published 03/10/2025
Publication Time 92 Days
126

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