Mystic Malignant Melanoma Modalities

Year : 2024 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 03 | Page : 1 10
    By

    Sunil Chaudhry,

  • A Trailokia,

  1. Director Solutions, Thane & Consultant Edenwell Therapeutics Department of Pharmacology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  2. Head Medical, Indoco Remedies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Melanoma is a highly aggressive form of cancer with four recognized subtypes. In about 90% of cases, melanoma is diagnosed as a primary tumor, without signs of spreading. If caught early, the survival rate is quite high, reaching around 94%. However, for metastatic melanoma, the survival rate drops significantly to about 40%. Diagnosing melanoma can be tricky, as it shares features with benign conditions like seborrheic keratosis, benign moles, blue nevi, and vascular lesions, such as spider angiomas and pyogenic granulomas. Melanoma most commonly affects fair-skinned individuals over 50. Among Caucasians, uveal melanoma is the most common primary eye tumor in adults, though it remains rare, with an incidence rate below 1%. The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, which influences cell growth and movement, is active in nearly all melanomas. The BRAF gene, specifically the V600E mutation, is found in about half of melanoma patients and triggers the production of a protein that fuels tumor growth. Elevated levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase are associated with a poorer prognosis in metastatic melanoma, and lactate dehydrogenase testing is widely recommended for these patients. Treatment options include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation, and surgery. For advanced cases that are not suitable for surgery, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, a specialized form of radiotherapy, may be used. Melanoma is often regarded as a radioresistant tumor that does not regress much with radiotherapy. High-dose radiotherapy may only improve local response by 20%–30%.

Keywords: Metastatic melanoma, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, phosphoinositol-3-kinase pathway, biomarkers, targeted therapy, immunotherapy

[This article belongs to Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology ]

How to cite this article:
Sunil Chaudhry, A Trailokia. Mystic Malignant Melanoma Modalities. Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2024; 13(03):1-10.
How to cite this URL:
Sunil Chaudhry, A Trailokia. Mystic Malignant Melanoma Modalities. Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2024; 13(03):1-10. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjooh/article=2024/view=188687


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 13
Issue 03
Received 18/09/2024
Accepted 05/10/2024
Published 18/11/2024
229

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