Molecular and Immunological Study for The Relationship of CMV in Miscarriage in Women with a History of Repeated Abortion in Najaf Governorate

Notice

This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.

Year : 2026 | Volume : 16 | Issue : 02 | Page :
    By

    Elham Jawad Kadhum,

  1. Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Education for Women, University of Kufa, Iraq

Abstract

The study was conducted in Al-Zahra Hospital for Maternity and Children in Najaf Governorate for the period from 1/8/2024 to 1/1/2025., The stream study directed to establish the occurrence of CMV infectivity in women who experienced of continual miscarriage and perform a analyze of the amount of miscarriage situations arising in the Najaf governorate. The study was divided into two parts. The first part aimed to determine the frequency of CMV (IgM), CMV (IgG) antibodies, using the ELISA technique among miscarriage pregnant women with a history of repeated abortion who attended the hospital from August to January (2024-2025). The first part of study indicated that there were significant differences in favor of detection of CMV-IgM antibody by 76% compared to 24% detection of CMV-IgG antibody, the results of the study showed that the highest rate of miscarriage in women was within the age group (20-25) years by 39%, while the age group (43-38) years gave the lowest percentage where it was 8%. Also, this study showed that 27% of Women had miscarriages in the fifth month of pregnancy, while 25% in the fourth month. The lowest rate of miscarriage was recorded in the first month of pregnancy, at 9%. The fallouts confirmed that there were considerable alterations in the number of women terminated in urban areas than in rural areas. The second part of the study we have (100) placental soft tissue was the application of localized hybridization technique using ISH technique. The tissue sample examined by histopathologists in training Labs form the hospital of Al-Sader teaching hospital in Al Najaf Al Ashraf / Iraq.

Keywords: CMV, antibody, pregnancy, ELISA, herpes virus

[This article belongs to Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology ]

How to cite this article:
Elham Jawad Kadhum. Molecular and Immunological Study for The Relationship of CMV in Miscarriage in Women with a History of Repeated Abortion in Najaf Governorate. Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology. 2026; 16(02):-.
How to cite this URL:
Elham Jawad Kadhum. Molecular and Immunological Study for The Relationship of CMV in Miscarriage in Women with a History of Repeated Abortion in Najaf Governorate. Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology. 2026; 16(02):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjoi/article=2026/view=243166


References

  1. Asawara M, Aoki K, Okada S. Embryotype of abortuses in relation to the number of previous miscarriages. Fertil Steril. 2000;73(2):300–304. doi:10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00492-6
  2. Mocarski ES, Courcelle CT. Cytomegaloviruses and their replication. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, Griffin DE, et al., editors. Fields Virology. 4th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001. p. 2629–2673.
  3. Ornoy A, Diav-Citrin O. Fetal effects of primary and secondary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol. 2006;21(4):399–409. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.02.002
  4. Ariani S, Chaichi LMA. Study on the IgG and IgM antibodies rate of HSV, CMV and rubella viruses in women with recurrent pregnancy loss history. Indian J Fundam Appl Life Sci. 2014;4(3):212–222.
  5. Chiu W, Burnett RM, Garcea RL. Structural biology of viruses. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997. p. 610–700.
  6. Jasim M, Majeed HA, Ali AI. Performance of serological diagnosis of TORCH agents in aborted versus non-aborted women of Wasit Province in Iraq. Tikrit Med J. 2011;17(2):141–147.
  7. Khairi SI, Intisar KS, Enan KH, Ishag MY, Baraa AM, Ali YH. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection among pregnant women at Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Sudan. J Med Lab Diagn. 2013;4(4):45–49. doi:10.5897/JMLD2013.0058
  8. Arzoo A. Virulence factors in pathogens: mechanisms of infection and disease progression. Int J Pathogens. 2025;2(1):6–11.
  9. Kishore J, Misra R, Paisal A, Pradeep Y. Adverse reproductive outcome induced by Parvovirus B19 and TORCH infections in women with high-risk pregnancy. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2011;5(12):868–873. doi:10.3855/jidc.1517
  10. Mahdi BM, Saour MY, Salih WH. Cytomegalovirus infection in infertile women. J Exp Integr Med. 2011;1(4):273–276. doi:10.5455/jeim.011211.or.042
  11. Nathanson N. The emergence of infectious diseases: societal causes and consequences. ASM News. 1997;63(2):83–86.
  12. Sadik MS, Fatima H, Jamil K, Patil C. Study of TORCH profile in patients with bad obstetric history. Biol Med. 2012;4(2):95–101.
  13. Saito S. The causes and treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss. JMAJ. 2009;52(2):97–102.
  14. Kathuria PC, Rai M. Anaphylaxis: pathophysiology, risk factors, and clinical management. Res Rev J Immunol. 2025;15(2):1–11.
  15. Khajuria A, Singh G. Physiological and psychological effects of Ekadashi Upavasa (fasting ritual) on women: a prospective cohort study on metabolism, immunity, and mental clarity. Res Rev J Immunol. 2025;15(2):67–70.
  16. Yasir S. Detection of human cytomegalovirus infections in spontaneous miscarriage and infertility [PhD thesis]. Kufa (IQ): University of Kufa, College of Medicine; 2012.
  17. Siddique S, Sharma P. Innovations in tuberculosis management: advancements in drug-resistant TB treatment and rapid diagnostics. Int J Antibiotics. 2025;2(2):1–7.
  18. Sotoodeh A, Jahromi J, Jahrom M. Seropositivity for cytomegalovirus in women with spontaneous abortion [thesis]. Bandar Abbas (IR): University of Medical Sciences; 2009.
  19. Al-Huchaimi SH, Taiban ZK, Mohamed RJ, Al-Hadrawi MK, Ahmed ER. Immunological evaluation of rheumatoid factor level in cupping rheumatoid arthritis patients in Al-Najaf Governorate. AIP Conf Proc. 2024;3092(1):020011. doi:10.1063/5.0200110
  20. Bhaduri S. Unveiling the silent threat: the escalation and defence against antibiotic resistance. Int J Antibiotics. 2025;2(2):1–26.
  21. Thom SM, Horobin RW, Seidler E, Barer MR. Factors affecting the selection and use of tetrazolium salts as cytochemical indicators of microbial viability and activity. J Appl Bacteriol. 1993;74(4):433–443. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb05156.x
  22. Jang KR, Rim SH. Experimental study on the effect of membranous milkvetch and Ledebouriella divaricata immunomodulatory tablets on cytokine production in allergic rhinitis model mice. Res Rev J Immunol. 2025;15(3).
Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 16
Issue 02
Received 18/04/2026
Accepted 06/05/2026
Published 07/05/2026
Publication Time 19 Days
11

Login


My IP

PlumX Metrics