Bone Grafting in Dentistry: From Biological Principles to Contemporary Regenerative Applications

Year : 2026 | Volume : 17 | Issue : 01 | Page : 6 13
    By

    Mohd. Gulfan,

  • Shipra,

  • Shivi Khattri,

  1. Intern, Department of Periodontology & Implantology, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
  2. Intern, Department of Periodontology & Implantology, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
  3. Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology & Implantology, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Bone grafting plays a pivotal role in contemporary regenerative dentistry by enabling predictable reconstruction of alveolar bone defects resulting from periodontal disease, tooth extraction, trauma, or pathology. Adequate bone volume and quality are essential prerequisites for successful implant placement, periodontal regeneration, and long-term functional and esthetic outcomes. Bone graft materials act as biological or synthetic scaffolds that facilitate new bone formation through the primary mechanisms of osteogenesis, osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and osseointegration. Over the past few decades, clinicians have developed all sorts of materials to fix bone defects caused by things like injuries, infections, tumor removal, or birth defects. These include autografts (bone from your own body) – allografts (from donors), xenografts (from animals), and synthetic options like plastics. Autografts are still the top choice because they help grow new bones in every way possible – by providing living cells, signaling growth, and acting as a scaffold. Allografts and xenografts are handy alternatives since they skip the need to harvest from the patient, cutting down on pain and surgery time. Synthetics, like calcium phosphates and special ceramics, offer reliable support and work well with the body. Lately, exciting breakthroughs – like growth factors, tiny tech from nanotechnology, stem cells, and 3D printing – have taken bone repair to the next level. They let us create custom scaffolds, release healing signals right on cue, boost how cells interact, and even tailor fixes to each patient. The result? Better healing, faster recovery, and bones that work like new.

Keywords: Allografts, autografts, bioactive ceramics, bone defects, calcium phosphates, synthetic options, xenografts

[This article belongs to Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry ]

How to cite this article:
Mohd. Gulfan, Shipra, Shivi Khattri. Bone Grafting in Dentistry: From Biological Principles to Contemporary Regenerative Applications. Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry. 2026; 17(01):6-13.
How to cite this URL:
Mohd. Gulfan, Shipra, Shivi Khattri. Bone Grafting in Dentistry: From Biological Principles to Contemporary Regenerative Applications. Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry. 2026; 17(01):6-13. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjod/article=2026/view=236700


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Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 17
Issue 01
Received 24/11/2025
Accepted 13/01/2026
Published 06/02/2026
Publication Time 74 Days
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