This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.

Gayatri Tummalapenta,
- Student, Btech. Biotechnology, SRM University, KTR branch, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’,function(){frmFrontForm.scrollToID(‘frm_container_abs_110728’);});Edit Abstract & Keyword
OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study is to determine the potential of phytochemical constituents of Withania somnifera in treating Spinal Muscular Atrophy, an autosomal recessive genetic neurodegenerative disorder through computational techniques. To investigate the binding affinity of phytocompound to the target protein S.Pombe SMN YG-Dimer through molecular docking. Besides, evaluating the pharmacological attributes of phytochemical constituents to asses their ability as an ideal prospect for developing therapeutic medication. METHODS: The target protein S.Pombe SMN YG-Dimer of PDB ID: 4RG5 was extracted and downloaded from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) database. Later, the phytocompounds were extracted and downloaded from the IMPPAT database. Swiss ADME webserver was used for evaluating the pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics of phytocompounds. Finally, Molecular docking was achieved by PyRx webserver. RESULTS: Molecular docking analysis revealed that Withasomnine emerged as the most favorable phytocompound among other selected phytocompounds. Withasomnine demonstrated a significant binding affinity of -7.9 towards the target protein, indicating the need for further investigation. Moreover, Withasomnine exhibited favorable pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetic profiles, positioning it as a promising candidate for drug development. CONCLUSION: The phytocompound Withasomnine with the highest binding affinity to the target protein indicates a promising prospect for developing a therapeutic medication for treating Spinal Muscular Atrophy. KEYWORDS: Spinal Muscular Atrophy, S.Pombe SMN YG-Dimer, Withania somnifera, phytocompound, Molecular Docking, ADMET analysis.
Keywords: Spinal Muscular Atrophy, S.Pombe SMN YG-Dimer, Withania somnifera, phytocompound, Molecular Docking, ADMET analysis.
[This article belongs to Research & Reviews : Journal of Computational Biology (rrjocb)]
Gayatri Tummalapenta. Computational Investigation of Withania somnifera Compounds Targeting S.Pombe SMN YG-Dimer in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Insights from Molecular Docking Analysis. Research & Reviews : Journal of Computational Biology. 2024; 13(02):-.
Gayatri Tummalapenta. Computational Investigation of Withania somnifera Compounds Targeting S.Pombe SMN YG-Dimer in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Insights from Molecular Docking Analysis. Research & Reviews : Journal of Computational Biology. 2024; 13(02):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjocb/article=2024/view=0
References
document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’,function(){frmFrontForm.scrollToID(‘frm_container_ref_110728’);});Edit
1. Hahnen E, Schönling J, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Zerres K, Wirth B. Hybrid survival motor neuron genes in patients with autosomal recessive spinal muscular atrophy: new insights into molecular mechanisms responsible for the disease. American journal of human genetics. 1996 Nov;59(5):1057. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8900234/ 2. Spinal Muscular Atrophy [Internet]. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 2024. Available from: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/spinal-muscular-atrophy 3. Armengol VD, Darras BT, Abulaban AA, Alshehri A, Barisic N, Ben-Omran T, Bernert G, Castiglioni C, Chien YH, Farrar MA, Kandawasvika G. Life-saving treatments for spinal muscular atrophy: global access and availability. Neurology: Clinical Practice. 2024 Feb;14(1):e200224. 4. Levchenko M, Gou Y, Graef F, Hamelers A, Huang Z, Ide-Smith M, Iyer A, Kilian O, Katuri J, Kim JH, Marinos N. Europe PMC in 2017. Nucleic acids research. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1254-60. 5. Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Zerres K. Spinal muscular atrophies. International Neurology: A Clinical Approach. 2009 Sep 11:208-11. 6. Hodgkinson VL, Oskoui M, Lounsberry J, M’Dahoma S, Butler E, Campbell C, MacKenzie A, McMillan HJ, Simard L, Vajsar J, Brais B. A national spinal muscular atrophy registry for real-world evidence. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2020 Nov;47(6):810-5. 7. Park HB, Lee SM, Lee JS, Park MS, Park KI, Namgung R, Lee C. Survival analysis of spinal muscular atrophy type I. Korean journal of pediatrics. 2010 Nov;53(11):965.Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2010.53.11.965 8. Rubinstein WS, Maglott DR, Lee JM, Kattman BL, Malheiro AJ, Ovetsky M, Hem V, Gorelenkov V, Song G, Wallin C, Husain N. The NIH genetic testing registry: a new, centralized database of genetic tests to enable access to comprehensive information and improve transparency. Nucleic acids research. 2012 Nov 26;41(D1):D925-35. 9. D’Amico A, Mercuri E, Tiziano FD, Bertini E. Spinal muscular atrophy. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2011 Nov 2;6:71. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-6-7 10. Keinath MC, Prior DE, Prior TW. Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Mutations, Testing, and Clinical Relevance. Appl Clin Genet. 2021;14:11-25 Ogbonmide T, Rathore R, Rangrej SB, Hutchinson S, Lewis M, Ojilere S, Carvalho V, Kelly I. Gene Therapy for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA): A Review of Current Challenges and Safety Considerations for Onasemnogene Abeparvovec (Zolgensma). Cureus. 2023 Mar 15;15(3):e36197. doi: 10.7759/cureus.36197 11. Porensky PN, Burghes AHM. Antisense oligonucleotides for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Gene Ther 2013;24(5):489–98. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hum.2012.225 12. Kakazu J, Walker NL, Babin KC, Trettin KA, Lee C, Sutker PB, et al. Risdiplam for the use of spinal muscular atrophy. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2021;13(2). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.52965/001c.25579 13. Saleem S, Muhammad G, Hussain MA, Altaf M, Bukhari SNA. Withania somnifera L.: Insights into the phytochemical profile, therapeutic potential, clinical trials, and future prospective. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2020;23(12):1501–26. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2020.44254.10378 14. Singh N, Bhalla M, De Jager P, Gilca M. An Overview on Ashwagandha: A Rasayana (Rejuvenator) of Ayurveda. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011;8(5S):208. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5s.9 15. Mikulska P, Malinowska M, Ignacyk M, Szustowski P, Nowak J, Pesta K, et al. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)—current research on the health-promoting activities: A narrative review. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(4):1057. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041057 16. Syed AA, Reza MI, Singh P, Thombre GK, Gayen JR. Withania somnifera in Neurological Disorders: Ethnopharmacological Evidence, Mechanism of Action and its Progress in Delivery Systems. Curr Drug Metab 2021 22(7):561–71. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538666/ 17. Singh M, Ramassamy C. In vitro screening of neuroprotective activity of Indian medicinal plant Withania somnifera. Journal of nutritional science. 2017 Jan;6:e54. 18. Shah Z, Raghavan A. Withania somnifera: a pre-clinical study on neuroregenerative therapy for stroke. Neural Regen Res 2015 10(2):183. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.152362 19. Gupta M, Kaur G. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal ameliorates neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments associated with systemic inflammation. BMC Complement Altern Med.2019;19(1). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2635-0 20. Laskowski RA, Jabłońska J, Pravda L, Vařeková RS, Thornton JM. PDBsum: Structural summaries of PDB entries. Protein Sci 2018;27(1):129–34. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pro.3289 21. Mohanraj K, Karthikeyan BS, Vivek-Ananth RP, Chand RPB, Aparna SR, Mangalapandi P, et al. IMPPAT: A curated database of Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemistry And Therapeutics. Sci Rep 2018;8(1). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22631-z 22. Daina A, Michielin O, Zoete V. SwissADME: a free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules. Sci Rep 2017;7(1). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep42717 23. Benet LZ, Hosey CM, Ursu O, Oprea TI. BDDCS, the rule of 5 and drugability. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2016 101:89–98. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.007 24. Dayangaç-Erden D, Bora G, Ayhan P, Kocaefe Ç, Dalkara S, Yelekçi K, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibition activity and molecular docking of (E )‐resveratrol: Its therapeutic potential in spinal muscular atrophy. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2009;73(3):355–64. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19207472/ 25. Konar A, Gupta R, Shukla RK, Maloney B, Khanna VK, Wadhwa R, et al. M1 muscarinic receptor is a key target of neuroprotection, neuroregeneration, and memory recovery by i-Extract from Withania somnifera. Sci Rep.2019;9(1):1–15. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-48238-6 26. Meng X-Y, Zhang H-X, Mezei M, Cui M. Molecular docking: A powerful approach for structure-based drug discovery. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des. 2011;7(2):146–57. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340911795677602

Research & Reviews : Journal of Computational Biology
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue | 02 |
| Received | 15/05/2024 |
| Accepted | 14/10/2024 |
| Published | 04/11/2024 |
function myFunction2() {
var x = document.getElementById(“browsefigure”);
if (x.style.display === “block”) {
x.style.display = “none”;
}
else { x.style.display = “Block”; }
}
document.querySelector(“.prevBtn”).addEventListener(“click”, () => {
changeSlides(-1);
});
document.querySelector(“.nextBtn”).addEventListener(“click”, () => {
changeSlides(1);
});
var slideIndex = 1;
showSlides(slideIndex);
function changeSlides(n) {
showSlides((slideIndex += n));
}
function currentSlide(n) {
showSlides((slideIndex = n));
}
function showSlides(n) {
var i;
var slides = document.getElementsByClassName(“Slide”);
var dots = document.getElementsByClassName(“Navdot”);
if (n > slides.length) { slideIndex = 1; }
if (n (item.style.display = “none”));
Array.from(dots).forEach(
item => (item.className = item.className.replace(” selected”, “”))
);
slides[slideIndex – 1].style.display = “block”;
dots[slideIndex – 1].className += ” selected”;
}