Rekha S.,
Bhargavi K.,
Dinesha H.A.,
- Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
- Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
- Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Cloud computing, which provides remote clients with on-demand services, has emerged as a crucial component of contemporary technology. It is still difficult to schedule tasks effectively in such diverse and dynamic situations. Motivated by the hippopotamus’s balanced exploration and exploitation behavior, this research suggests a unique work scheduling method utilizing the hippopotamus optimization algorithm (HOA). In order to maximize resource usage and throughput while minimizing makespan and execution cost, the suggested HOA-based scheduler dynamically assigns jobs to virtual machines. As demonstrated by simulation results, HOA outperforms other existing methods like the intelligent and interpretable rule-based metaheuristic task scheduling (IRMTS), the henry gas–harris hawks comprehensive-opposition (HGHHC) algorithm, and the optimised AI-Driven swarm-based enhanced task scheduling model (OASE-TSM) in terms of execution time, load balancing, and throughput. HOA is ideal for large-scale and real-time cloud systems because to its adaptability and lightweight design. Future research will concentrate on expanding HOA’s scalability for sustainable cloud computing and adding energy-aware scheduling.
Keywords: Cloud computing, task scheduling, hippopotamus optimization algorithm (HOA), resource utilization, makespan, throughput, load balancing, metaheuristic algorithms, real-time scheduling, energy- aware scheduling
[This article belongs to Research & Reviews: Discrete Mathematical Structures ]
References
- Kumar MS, Reddy KG, Donthi RK. SSKHOA: Hybrid metaheuristic algorithm for resource aware task scheduling in cloud-fog computing. Int J Inf Technol Comput Sci. 2024 Feb;16(1):1–13. doi:10.5815/ijitcs.2024.01.01.
- Sa’ad S, Muhammed A, Abdullahi M, Abdullah A. An optimised cuckoo-based discrete symbiotic organisms search strategy for tasks scheduling in cloud computing environment. arXiv [Preprint]. 2023 Nov. Available from: arXiv:2311.15358.
- Abdulrazzaq DR, Shati NM, Hoomod HK. Task scheduling in a cloud environment based on meta-heuristic approaches: A survey. Iraqi J Sci. 2024 Feb;65(2):33–45.
- Amiri MH, Hashjin NM, Montazeri M, Mirjalili S, Khodadadi N. Hippopotamus optimization algorithm: A novel nature-inspired optimization algorithm. Sci Rep. 2024 Feb;14(1):5032.
- Amiri MH, Hashjin NM, Montazeri M, Mirjalili S, Khodadadi N. Hippopotamus optimization algorithm: A novel nature-inspired optimization algorithm. Sci Rep. 2024 Feb;14(1):5032.
- Pei S, Sun G, Tong L. An improved hippopotamus optimization algorithm based on adaptive development and solution diversity enhancement. 2025.
- Abualigah L, Diabat A, Sumari P, Gandomi AH, Mirjalili S. Hippopotamus optimization algorithm: A new nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithm. Comput Ind Eng. 2023;179:109298.
- Alkaam A, Abualigah L, Diabat A, Mafarja H. A hybrid task scheduling algorithm based on Henry’s gas solubility optimization, Harris hawks optimization and comprehensive opposition-based learning for cloud computing. J Grid Comput. 2024;21(1):1–27.
- Abualigah L, Mafarja H, Diabat A, Mirjalili S, Gandomi AH. Recent advances and applications of metaheuristic algorithms in cloud computing: A comprehensive review. Cluster Comput. 2023;26:1297–1325.
- Kumar S, Verma A. An efficient task scheduling algorithm based on improved genetic algorithm in cloud computing environment. Comput Electr Eng. 2022;95:108080.
- Aljarah I, Faris H. Optimizing task scheduling in cloud computing using hybrid metaheuristic algorithms. Appl Soft Comput. 2023;136:110102.
- Jena RK. Task scheduling in cloud environment using soft computing techniques: A survey. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci. 2023;35(3):321–339.
- Kaur S, Singh J, Bharti V. An optimised AI-driven swarm-based enhanced task scheduling model for cloud computing environment. Int J Cloud Comput. 2025;14(1):25–53.
- Barut C, Yildirim G, Tatar Y. An intelligent and interpretable rule-based metaheuristic approach to task scheduling in cloud systems. Knowl Based Syst. 2024;284:111241.
- Mangalampalli S, Karri GR, Kumar M. Multi objective task scheduling algorithm in cloud computing using grey wolf optimization. Cluster Comput. 2023;26(6):3803–3822.
- Alkaam NO, Sultan AM, Hussin MB, Sharif KY. Hybrid Henry Gas-Harris Hawks comprehensive-opposition algorithm for task scheduling in cloud computing. IEEE Access. 2025.
- Abualigah L, Elaziz MA, Khodadadi N, Forestiero A, Jia H, Gandomi AH. Aquila optimizer based PSO swarm intelligence for IoT task scheduling application in cloud computing. In: Integrating meta-heuristics and machine learning for real-world optimization problems. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2022. p. 481–497.

Research & Reviews: Discrete Mathematical Structures
| Volume | 13 | |
| Issue | 02 | |
| Received | 14/05/2026 | |
| Accepted | 19/05/2026 | |
| Published | 30/05/2026 | |
| Publication Time | 16 Days |