International Journal of Machine Design and Manufacturing
International Journal of Structural Mechanics and finite elements
ISSN: 2582-5054
International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics & Analysis
International Journal of Fracture and Damage Mechanics
International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning
ISSN: 2456-0154
International Journal of Rural and Regional Development
International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture
ISSN: 2456-5091
International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development Architecture
ISSN: 2584-1688
International Journal of Town Planning and Management
ISSN: 2456-5253
International Journal of Urban Design and Development
ISSN: 2584-0568
International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology
ISSN: 2583-3278
International Journal of Architectural Heritage
ISSN: 2583-2689
International Journal of Architectural Design and Planning
ISSN: 2583-8903
International Journal of Housing and Human Settlement Planning
ISSN: 2455-8516
Research & Reviews : A Journal of Ayurvedic Science, Yoga & Naturopathy
ISSN: 2395-6682
Research & Reviews : A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy
ISSN: 2394-1960
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacognosy
ISSN: 2394-7276
Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy
ISSN: 2278-2214
Research & Reviews : Journal of Computational Biology
ISSN: 2319-3433
International Journal of Cell Biology and Cellular Processes
International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology
International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules
International Journal of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
International Journal of Genetic Engineering and Recombination
International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and Applications
ISSN: 2455-7315
International Journal of Plant Biotechnology
ISSN: 2456-0162
International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials
ISSN: 2455-7323
Research & Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology
ISSN: 2231-3826
Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology
ISSN: 2229-6999
Journal of Polymer and Composites
ISSN: 2321–2810
Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering
ISSN: 2231-3818
Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology
ISSN: 2231-1785
Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering
ISSN: 2349-4786
Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis
ISSN: 2349-4344
Journal of Thin Films, Coating Science Technology & Application
ISSN: 2455-3344
International Journal of Chemical Separation Technology
ISSN: 2456-6691
International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing
ISSN: 2455-5576
International Journal of Renewable Energy and its Commercialization
ISSN: 2582-4120
International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution
International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering
International Journal of Chem-informatics Research
International Journal of Green Chemistry
ISSN: 2582-5925
International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
ISSN: 2456-5245
International Journal of Agro-chemistry
ISSN: 2456-7000
International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry
ISSN: 2582-5933
International Journal of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics
ISSN: 2456-6977
International Journal of Photochemistry
International Journal of Chemical Synthesis and Chemical Reactions
ISSN: 2582-5917
Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications
ISSN: 2394-7284
Journal of Structural Engineering and Management
ISSN: 2393-8773
Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management
ISSN: 2349-4336
Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology
ISSN: 2249-8753
Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management
ISSN: 2249-4723
Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering
ISSN: 2395-6674
Journal of Offshore Structure and Technology
ISSN: 2349-8986
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
ISSN: 2394-1987
International Journal of Concrete Technology
ISSN: 2456-8317
International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis
ISSN: 2456-5326
International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System
ISSN: 2456-2343
International Journal of Construction Engineering and Planning
ISSN: 2456-2335
International Journal of Water Resources Engineering
ISSN: 2456-1606
International Journal of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering
ISSN: 2581-5598
E-Commerce for Future & Trends
ISSN: 2454-9347
International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis
International Journal of Computer Science and Programming Language
International Journal of Data Structures
International Journal of Distributed Computing and Technology
ISSN: 2455-7307
International Journal of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition
ISSN: 2456-6985
International Journal of Information Security and Software Engineering
International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices
International Journal of Software Computing and Testing
ISSN: 2456-2351
International Journal of Wireless Network Security
Journal of Advanced Database Management & Systems
ISSN: 2393-8730
Journal of Advancements in Robotics
ISSN: 2455-1872
Journal of Advances in Shell Programming
ISSN: 2395-6690
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research & Advances
ISSN: 2395-6720
Journal of Computer Technology & Applications
ISSN: 2229-6964
Journal of Image Processing & Pattern Recognition Progress
ISSN: 2394-1995
Journal of Mobile Computing, Communications & Mobile Networks
ISSN: 2349-901X
Journal of Multimedia Technology & Recent Advancements
ISSN: 2349-9028
Journal of Open Source Developments
ISSN: 2395-6704
Journal of Operating Systems Development & Trends
ISSN: 2454-9355
Journal of Software Engineering Tools & Technology Trends
ISSN: 2394-7292
Journal of Web Engineering & Technology
ISSN: 2455-1880
Recent Trends in Parallel Computing
ISSN: 2393-8749
Recent Trends in Programming languages
ISSN: 2455-1821
Research & Reviews: Discrete Mathematical Structures
ISSN: 2394-1979
Current Trends in Information Technology
ISSN: 2249-4707
Journal Of Network security
ISSN: 2395-6739
Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations
ISSN: 2249–4731
Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems
ISSN: 2249-8613
Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems
ISSN: 2249-863X
Trends in Electrical Engineering
ISSN: 2249-4774
Journal of Control & Instrumentation
ISSN: 2229-6972
International Journal of Electrical Machines and Drives
Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology
ISSN: 2249-474X
International Journal of Analysis of Electrical Machines
International Journal of Electrical Power System and Technology
ISSN: 2455-7293
International Journal of Microelectronics and Digital Integrated Circuits
ISSN: 2456-3986
International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits
ISSN: 2582-3620
International Journal of Power Electronics Controllers and Converters
ISSN: 2456-1614
International Journal of Electrical Communication Engineering
International Journal of Automatic Control System
Journal of Electronic Design Technology
ISSN: 2229-6980
Current Trends in Signal Processing
ISSN: 2277–6176
Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication
ISSN: 2231-0401
Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits
ISSN: 2455-3379
Journal of Microelectronics and Solid State Devices
ISSN: 2455-3336
Recent Trends in Electronics Communication Systems
ISSN: 2393-8757
Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications
ISSN: 2455-197X
Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies
ISSN: 2349-9001
Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks
ISSN: 2454-6372
Recent Trends in Sensor Research & Technology
ISSN: 2393-8765
International Journal of Radio Frequency Design
International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology
International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies
ISSN: 2456-723X
International Journal of Digital Electronics
International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals
ISSN: 2455-0329
International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology
ISSN: 2455-0337
International Journal of Satellite Communication Remote Sensing
International Journal of Broadband Cellular Communication
ISSN: 2455-8532
International Journal of Telecommunications & Emerging Technologies
ISSN: 2455-0345
International Journal of Solid State Materials
Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology
ISSN: 2277-6184
Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies
ISSN: 2230-7982
Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits
ISSN: 2249-8621
Journal of Thermal Engineering and Applications
ISSN: 2349-8994
Recent Trends in Fluid Mechanics
ISSN: 2455-1961
Journal of Human Rights Law and Practice
ISSN: 2581-8155
Journal of Intellectual Property rights Law
ISSN: 2582-9742
Journal of Corporate Governance and International Business Law
ISSN: 2584-1327
Journal of Banking and Insurance Law
ISSN: 2582- 6875
National Journal of Real Estate Law
ISSN: 2581-9682
National Journal of Environmental law
ISSN: 2581-6683
Journal of Taxation and Regulatory framework
ISSN: 2584-2269
Journal of Constitutional Law and Jurisprudence
ISSN: 2583-388X
Journal of Family and Adoption Law
Journal of Law of Torts and Consumer Protection Law
ISSN: 2583-3898
National Journal of Labour and Industrial Law
ISSN: 2583-6498
National Journal of Cyber Security Law
ISSN: 2582-9750
Indian Journal of Health & Medical Laws
ISSN: 2583-8350
Journal of Capital Market and Securities Law
ISSN: 2582-6905
National Journal of Criminal Law
ISSN: 2581-8244
Research & Reviews : Journal of Herbal Science
ISSN: 2278-2257
Research & Reviews : Journal of Botany
ISSN: 2278-2222
Research & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
ISSN: 2278-2206
Research & Reviews : Journal of Crop science and Technology
ISSN: 2319-3395
Research & Reviews : Journal of Food Science & Technology
ISSN: 2278-2249
Research & Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science & Technology
ISSN: 2319-3409
Research & Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology
ISSN: 2319-3441
Research & Reviews : Journal of Ecology
ISSN: 2278-2230
Research & Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences
ISSN: 2249-8656
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology & Virology
ISSN: 2230-9853
Omni Science: A Multi-disciplinary Journal
ISSN: 2231-0398
Journal of Advancements in Library Sciences
ISSN: 2349-4352
Research & Reviews : Journal of Statistics
ISSN: 2278-2273
NOLEGEIN Journal of Management Information Systems
ISSN: 2581-6810
NOLEGEIN Journal of Business Ethics , Ethos & CSRw
ISSN: 2581-5601
NOLEGEIN Journal of Entrepreneurship Planning, Development and Management
ISSN: 2581-3900
NOLEGEIN Journal of Operations Research & Management
ISSN: 2581-5458
NOLEGEIN Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics Management
ISSN: 2582-0141
NOLEGEIN Journal of Financial Planning And Management
ISSN: 2581-4087
NOLEGEIN Journal of Performance Management & Retention Strategies
ISSN: 2581-5067
NOLEGEIN Journal of Human Resource Management & Development
ISSN: 2581-9461
NOLEGEIN Journal of Information Technology & Management
ISSN: 2581-6802
NOLEGEIN Journal of Business Risk management
ISSN: 2582-287X
NOLEGEIN Journal of Corporate & Business Laws
ISSN: 2581-7779
NOLEGEIN Journal of Organizational Behavior Management
ISSN: 2582-032X
NOLEGEIN Journal of Leadership and Strategic Management
ISSN: 2582-2888
NOLEGEIN Journal of Global Marketing
ISSN: 2581-9666
NOLEGEIN Journal of Advertising and Brand Management
ISSN: 2581-530X
NOLEGEIN Journal of Consumer Behavior & Market Research
ISSN: 2581-4400
International Journal of Composite Materials and Matrices
ISSN: 2582-435X
International Journal of Energetic Materials
ISSN: 2456-3978
International Journal of Metallurgy and Alloys
ISSN: 2456-5113
International Journal of Biomedical Engineering
International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology
International Journal of Polymer Science & Engineering
ISSN: 2455-8745
Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology
ISSN: 2231-1793
Journal of Experimental & Applied Mechanics
ISSN: 2230-9845
Journal of Mechatronics and Automation
ISSN: 2455-1988
Trends in Machine design
ISSN: 2455-3352
Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications
ISSN: 2455-3360
Journal of Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Heating and ventilation
ISSN: 2394-1952
International Journal of Thermal Energy and Applications
International Journal of Production Engineering
International Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing
ISSN: 2582-5046
International Journal of Mechanical Handling and Automation
International Journal of Pollution and Noise Control
International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing
ISSN: 2456-642X
International Journal of I.C. Engines and Gas Turbines
ISSN: 2582-290X
International Journal of Mechanics and Design
ISSN: 2582-2896
International Journal of Robotics and Automation
International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Design
Journal of Production Research & Management
ISSN: 2249-4766
Research & Reviews : A Journal of Immunology
ISSN: 2277-6206
Research & Reviews : Journal of Medical Science and Technology
ISSN: 2319-3417
Research & Reviews : Journal of Surgery
ISSN: 2319-3425
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry
ISSN: 2230-8008
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions
ISSN: 2277-6192
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Medicine
ISSN: 2249-8648
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience
ISSN: 2277-6427
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology
ISSN: 2231-3834
Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology
ISSN: 2319-3387
Journal of Aerospace Engineering & Technology
ISSN: 2231-038X
Research & Reviews : Journal of Space Science & Technology
ISSN: 2321-6506
Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS
ISSN: 2230-7990
Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research
ISSN: 2394-7306
Nano Trends-A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications
ISSN: 0973-418X
Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications
ISSN: 2231-1777
International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology
ISSN: 2455-8524
International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures
ISSN: 2455-5584
International Journals of Nanobiotechnology
ISSN: 2456-0111
International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials
ISSN: 2456-5237
Journal of Nursing Science & Practice
ISSN: 2249-4758
International Journal of Immunological Nursing
ISSN: 2456-1592
International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
ISSN: 2581-7051
International Journal of Neurological Nursing
ISSN: 2456-5229
International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing and Practices
International Journal of Oncological Nursing and Practices
International Journal of Obstetrics, Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing
ISSN: 2455-6424
International Journal of Pediatric Nursing
ISSN: 2455-6343
International Journal of Emergency and Trauma Nursing and Practices
International Journal of Nursing Critical Care
ISSN: 2581-6209
International Journal of Nursing Science Practice and Research
ISSN: 2455-6351
International Journal of Community Health Nursing And Practices
ISSN: 2583-9136
International Journal of Geriatric Nursing
ISSN: 2581-9062
International Journal of Women’s Health Nursing And Practices
ISSN: 2584-170X
International Journal of Medical Surgical Nursing
ISSN: 2581-6950
International Journal of Evidence Based Nursing And Practices
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science
ISSN: 2229-7006
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology
ISSN: 2230-9861
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production
ISSN: 2394-1944
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery
ISSN: 2349-9036
Trends in Drug Delivery
ISSN: 2394-7268
International Journal of Optical Sciences
International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour
Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics
ISSN: 2278- 2265
International Journal of Cell Biology and Cellular Functions
International Journal of Molecular Biotechnological Research
International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecule Research
International Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
ISSN: 2583-9977
International Journal of Genetic Modifications and Recombinations
International Journal of Pollution: Prevention & Control
International Journal of Midwifery Nursing And Practices
ISSN: 2584-0800
International Journal of Electrical Power and Machine Systems
International Journal of Electrical Machine Analysis and Design
International Journal of Electrical and Communication Engineering Technology
International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis Review
ISSN: 2584-1866
International Journal of Advanced Control and System Engineering
International Journal of Information Security Engineering
International Journal of Computer Science Languages
International Journal of Mobile Computing Technology
International Journal of Wireless Security and Networks
ISSN: 2584-0703
International Journal of Data Structure Studies
International Journal of Electro-Mechanics and Material Behavior
International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Systems Analysis
International Journal of Machine Systems and Manufacturing Technology
International Journal of Industrial and Product Design Engineering
International Journal of Advanced Robotics and Automation Technology
International Journal of Environmental Noise and Pollution Control
International Journal of Fracture Mechanics and Damage Science
International Journal of Robotics and Automation in Mechanics
International Journal of Energy and Thermal Applications
International Journal of Manufacturing and Production Engineering
International Journal of Crystalline Materials
International Journal of Mineral
International Journal of Nutritions
International Journal of Virus Studies
International Journal of Forest Sciences
International Journal of Atmosphere
International Journal of Pathogens
International Journal of Vaccines
International Journal of Toxins
International Journal of Brain Sciences
International Journal of Antibiotics
ISSN: 2584-2986
International Journal of Fungi
Emerging Trends in Personalized Medicines
Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases
International Journal of Cheminformatics
International Journal of Toxics
International Journal of Tropical Medicines
International Journal of Sustainability
Recent Trends in Cosmetics
International Journal of Universe
International Journal of Land
International Journal of Education Sciences
International Journal of Radio Frequency Innovations
International Journal of Electronics Automation
International Journal of VLSI Circuit Design & Technology
International Journal of Satellite Remote Sensing
International Journal of Solid State Innovations & Research
International Journal of Optical Innovations & Research
Recent Trends in Sports
International Journal of Membranes
Emerging Trends in Languages
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications
ISSN: 2395-6712
Emerging Trends in Symmetry
International Journal of Climate Conditions
International Journal on Drones
International Journal of Behavioral Sciences
International Journal of Marine Life
International Journal of Children
International Journal of Insects
Emerging Trends in Metabolites
International Journal of Trends in Horticulture
International Journal of Trends in Humanities
Recent Trends in Social Studies
International Journal of Biomedical Innovations and Engineering
International Journal of Advance in Molecular Engineering
International Journal of Photochemistry and Photochemical Research
International Journal of Toxins and Toxics
Recent Trends in Mathematics
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Bioinformatics
ISSN: 2393-8722
Journal Menu
Editor Overview
maintains an Editorial Board of practicing researchers from around the world, to ensure manuscripts are handled by editors who are experts in the field of study.
Publisher
E-mail: [email protected]
(Tel): (+91) 0120- 4781 200
(Mob) (+91) 9810078958, +919667725932
What is Peer Review?
Peer review is a process that is used to evaluate and validate scientific research work before it is published. The main aim of peer review is to ensure that the research work published is of high quality and can be relied upon by the scientific community. The process involves independent experts (reviewers) assessing the research work of others to determine its quality, accuracy, and validity.
- Submission: The peer review process starts when an author submits their research work to a Journal or publisher. The manuscript is then reviewed by an editor to determine whether it is suitable for review.
- Selection of Reviewers: The editor selects reviewers who have expertise in the same field as the manuscript to be reviewed. The reviewers should be independent and have no conflict of interest with the author or their research.
- Review Process: The reviewers are expected to assess the manuscript and provide feedback based on specific criteria provided by the editor. The review process is usually double-blind, where the reviewers do not know the author's identity, and the author does not know the reviewers' identity. The reviewers should evaluate the manuscript's quality, methodology, results, and conclusions, among other criteria.
- Feedback: The reviewers provide feedback to the editor based on their assessment of the manuscript. The feedback may include suggestions for improvement or rejection of the manuscript if it does not meet the required quality standards.
- Decision: The editor makes a decision based on the reviewers' feedback, which may include acceptance, minor revisions, major revisions, or rejection of the manuscript.
- Revision: If the manuscript requires revisions, the author is notified, and they are given a specific timeline to make the necessary revisions.Publication: Once the manuscript meets the required quality standards, it is sent for copyediting and formatting before it is published.
Types of Peer Review
Single-Blind Peer Review
Single-Blind Peer Review is a commonly used peer review model in scientific research publishing. In this model, the reviewers know the identity of the authors, but the authors do not know the identity of the reviewers. The aim of this model is to reduce potential biases in the review process and to ensure that the review process is fair and impartial. Single-Blind Peer Review has its advantages and disadvantages. One of the main advantages is that it is a widely accepted and traditional model that is familiar to both authors and reviewers. It also allows reviewers to provide feedback based on their expertise while reducing potential biases that may arise from knowing the author's identity. However, one of the main disadvantages is that it is still susceptible to potential biases, such as the reviewers being influenced by the author's reputation or the topic of the research work. Additionally, some authors may feel that the review process is unfair if they are not given the opportunity to respond to the reviewers' feedback directly.
Double-Blind Peer Review
Double-Blind Peer Review is a widely used peer review model in scientific research publishing. In this model, both the reviewers and authors are anonymous to each other. This helps to reduce potential biases in the review process. Double-Blind Peer Review has its advantages and disadvantages. One of the main advantages is that it helps to reduce potential biases that may arise from knowing the author's identity, such as the reviewers being influenced by the author's reputation or the topic of the research work. This ensures that the review process is fair and impartial. However, one of the main disadvantages is that it may be difficult to find suitable reviewers who have expertise in the same field as the manuscript without knowing the author's identity. Additionally, some authors may feel that the review process is unfair if they are not given the opportunity to respond to the reviewers' feedback directly.
Open Peer Review
Open Peer Review is a peer review model that aims to increase transparency and accountability in the review process. In this model, the reviewers' identities are revealed to the authors, and sometimes, to the public as well. Open Peer Review has its advantages and disadvantages. One of the main advantages is that it increases transparency and accountability in the review process. This can lead to better quality reviews and greater trust in the peer review process. Additionally, authors may find the feedback more useful as they can directly communicate with the reviewers and address any issues or concerns. However, one of the main disadvantages is that some reviewers may be hesitant to reveal their identities, especially if they are reviewing controversial or sensitive topics. Additionally, authors may feel pressure to respond positively to the reviewers' feedback, even if they disagree with it, to avoid damaging their reputation.
STM's Approach to Double-Blind Peer-Review
STM is a leading global trade association for academic and professional publishers. STM has a strong focus on maintaining the highest standards in scholarly publishing, including peer review. Double-blind peer review is one of the most widely used and effective methods of peer review, and STM has adopted this model for many of its member journals.
- The STM double-blind peer review process involves keeping the identities of both the reviewer and author anonymous. This ensures that the review process is fair and unbiased, with reviewers evaluating the manuscript based solely on its merits.
- The STM double-blind peer review process involves keeping the identities of both the reviewer and author anonymous. This ensures that the review process is fair and unbiased, with reviewers evaluating the manuscript based solely on its merits.
- The reviewers are sent the manuscript along with detailed guidelines and criteria to evaluate the manuscript. They are asked to assess the originality, quality, and validity of the research presented and provide constructive feedback to the author.
- The reviewers submit their feedback to the journal editor, who then makes a decision on whether to accept, reject or request revisions to the manuscript.
- If revisions are requested, the author is asked to make the necessary changes and resubmit the manuscript for another round of review.
- Once the manuscript is accepted, it goes through a rigorous copyediting and proofreading process before being published in the journal.
- STM has implemented several quality standards and guidelines to ensure the integrity and effectiveness of the double-blind peer review process. These guidelines cover areas such as reviewer selection, review criteria, reviewer feedback, and conflict of interest.
- To ensure that the peer review process is fair and unbiased, STM encourages reviewers to disclose any conflicts of interest that may affect their review. These conflicts of interest may include personal or professional relationships with the author or funding sources that may influence the reviewer's evaluation.
- STM also recognizes the importance of transparency in the peer review process and encourages journals to publish reviewer reports alongside the published manuscript. This helps to increase the accountability of the peer review process and provides valuable feedback to the author.
Why Peer-Review?
Peer review is an integral part of scientific publishing that confirms the validity of the manuscript. Peer reviewers are experts who volunteer their time to help improve the manuscripts they review. By undergoing peer review, manuscripts should become:
- Robustness: Peer reviewers may point out gaps in a paper that require more explanation or additional experiments.
- Easier access and easy to read: If parts of your paper are difficult to understand, reviewers can suggest changes.
- More useful: Peer reviewers also consider the importance of your paper to others in your field.
Key Features of Peer-Review
- lear Peer Review Policies and Standards.
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The first pillar of quality peer review is establishing clear peer review policies and standards. Journal policies and standards ensure that all parties involved in peer review — editors, authors, and reviewers — know what is expected of them and that all manuscripts are handled in the same way. To ensure quality in peer review, consistency is key! Journals should have:
- Established Peer Review Policies: Peer review policies are a statement on the peer review guidelines and process the journal follows for all manuscript submissions. Peer review policies should include an overview of the journal’s peer-review process (e.g. blindness, reviewers per manuscript, rounds of review allotted) and the anticipated peer review timeframe, as well as statements on publication ethics.
- Standardized Submission Guidelines: Authors should know what is expected of them when preparing their manuscript for a journal, from layout requirements to the citation and data reporting standards they’re expected to follow. All of this information should be included in the author guidelines section of the journal website. Journals should also require authors to provide statements of originality and disclosures with their submissions.
- Standardized Reviewer Feedback: Journals should establish clear guidelines for peer reviewers to follow, including reminders of the duties of reviewers — to be objective, diligent, and confidential in their reporting — as well as a standardized reviewer feedback form. You can only expect reviewers to answer the questions that you ask them, required feedback forms ensure greater consistency and quality in referee reports.
- All journal policies and standards must be actionable. For example, all of the process steps explained in a journal’s peer review policies must be carried out. So if it states all original research manuscripts will have two external reviewers, this should always be the case. Additionally, journals must have plans in place for enforcing all ethical policies and standards. If an article is found to have a conflict of interest or if there is an allegation of misconduct post-publication, the journal must have processes in place to address the situation. Additionally, if the journal requires authors to follow certain reporting guidelines, it should have a process in place to check for adherence.
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The first pillar of quality peer review is establishing clear peer review policies and standards. Journal policies and standards ensure that all parties involved in peer review — editors, authors, and reviewers — know what is expected of them and that all manuscripts are handled in the same way. To ensure quality in peer review, consistency is key! Journals should have:
- Peer Review Performance Tracking
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The first pillar of quality peer review is establishing clear peer review policies and standards. Journal policies and standards ensure that all parties involved in peer review — editors, authors, and reviewers — know what is expected of them and that all manuscripts are handled in the same way. To ensure quality in peer review, consistency is key! Journals should have:
- Established Peer Review Policies: Peer review policies are a statement on the peer review guidelines and process the journal follows for all manuscript submissions. Peer review policies should include an overview of the journal’s peer-review process (e.g. blindness, reviewers per manuscript, rounds of review allotted) and the anticipated peer review timeframe, as well as statements on publication ethics.
- Standardized Submission Guidelines: Authors should know what is expected of them when preparing their manuscript for a journal, from layout requirements to the citation and data reporting standards they’re expected to follow. All of this information should be included in the author guidelines section of the journal website. Journals should also require authors to provide statements of originality and disclosures with their submissions.
- Standardized Reviewer Feedback: Journals should establish clear guidelines for peer reviewers to follow, including reminders of the duties of reviewers — to be objective, diligent, and confidential in their reporting — as well as a standardized reviewer feedback form. You can only expect reviewers to answer the questions that you ask them, required feedback forms ensure greater consistency and quality in referee reports.
- All journal policies and standards must be actionable. For example, all of the process steps explained in a journal’s peer review policies must be carried out. So if it states all original research manuscripts will have two external reviewers, this should always be the case. Additionally, journals must have plans in place for enforcing all ethical policies and standards. If an article is found to have a conflict of interest or if there is an allegation of misconduct post-publication, the journal must have processes in place to address the situation. Additionally, if the journal requires authors to follow certain reporting guidelines, it should have a process in place to check for adherence.
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The first pillar of quality peer review is establishing clear peer review policies and standards. Journal policies and standards ensure that all parties involved in peer review — editors, authors, and reviewers — know what is expected of them and that all manuscripts are handled in the same way. To ensure quality in peer review, consistency is key! Journals should have:
- Transparent Publishing and Data Sharing Policies
- Finally, the third pillar of quality peer review at academic journals — transparent publishing and data sharing policies — addresses key concerns around research biases and reproducibility. Journals can facilitate the reporting of null and negative results as well as research reproducibility by enabling and encouraging authors to share their manuscripts and data pre- and post-publication.
Peer Review Quality Standards
The team is responsible for upholding the following quality standards:
- Objectivity: Peer review should be objective and impartial. Reviewers should evaluate the work based on its scientific merit and not on personal beliefs, biases, or other factors.
- Competence: Peer review should be conducted by individuals with expertise in the relevant field. Reviewers should have a strong understanding of the research area and should be able to provide insightful and constructive feedback.
- Confidentiality: Peer review should be conducted in a confidential manner. Reviewers should not disclose any information about the work or its authors without the author's consent.
- Timeliness: Peer review should be conducted in a timely manner. Reviewers should provide feedback promptly to allow authors to make necessary revisions and for the publication process to proceed without undue delay.
- Constructive feedback: Peer review should provide constructive feedback to authors. Reviewers should highlight both the strengths and weaknesses of the work and provide suggestions for improvement.
- Adherence to standards: Peer review should adhere to established standards and guidelines for scientific research. Reviewers should ensure that the work meets ethical and scientific standards, such as the use of appropriate methodology and the avoidance of plagiarism.
- Transparency: Peer review should be conducted in a transparent manner. The review process should be clearly outlined and communicated to authors, and reviewers should disclose any potential conflicts of interest.
- Openness: Some peer review models advocate for openness, where the reviewers' identities are known to the authors and readers. In such cases, reviewers should be accountable for their reviews and ensure that they adhere to the same quality standards as traditional anonymous peer review.
Post-Submission Steps
After a manuscript is submitted for peer review, there are several steps that take place. The following points outline some of the common post-submission steps:
- Objectivity: Peer review should be objective and impartial. Reviewers should evaluate the work based on its scientific merit and not on personal beliefs, biases, or other factors.
- Competence: Peer review should be conducted by individuals with expertise in the relevant field. Reviewers should have a strong understanding of the research area and should be able to provide insightful and constructive feedback.
- Confidentiality: Peer review should be conducted in a confidential manner. Reviewers should not disclose any information about the work or its authors without the author's consent.
- Timeliness: Peer review should be conducted in a timely manner. Reviewers should provide feedback promptly to allow authors to make necessary revisions and for the publication process to proceed without undue delay.
- Constructive feedback: Peer review should provide constructive feedback to authors. Reviewers should highlight both the strengths and weaknesses of the work and provide suggestions for improvement.
- Adherence to standards: Peer review should adhere to established standards and guidelines for scientific research. Reviewers should ensure that the work meets ethical and scientific standards, such as the use of appropriate methodology and the avoidance of plagiarism.
- Transparency: Peer review should be conducted in a transparent manner. The review process should be clearly outlined and communicated to authors, and reviewers should disclose any potential conflicts of interest.
- Openness: Some peer review models advocate for openness, where the reviewers' identities are known to the authors and readers. In such cases, reviewers should be accountable for their reviews and ensure that they adhere to the same quality standards as traditional anonymous peer review.
Handling Editors: Reviewer Invitations
After a manuscript is submitted for peer review, there are several steps that take place. The following points outline some of the common post-submission steps:
- Identify Potential Reviewers: Handling Editors must identify potential reviewers who have expertise in the subject area of the manuscript. They may consult various sources, such as previous reviewers, editorial board members, or other experts in the field.
- Send Invitations: Once potential reviewers have been identified, Handling Editors will send invitations to them. The invitation should include information about the manuscript, the review process, and the expected timeframe for completing the review.
- Follow Up: Handling Editors may need to follow up with potential reviewers if they do not respond to the initial invitation. This may involve sending reminders or contacting alternative reviewers.
- Monitor Progress: Handling Editors must monitor the progress of the review process to ensure that reviewers are completing their evaluations in a timely manner. They may need to send reminders or follow up with reviewers who are behind schedule.
- Evaluate Feedback: After the reviews are completed, Handling Editors must evaluate the feedback provided by the reviewers. They will use this feedback to make a decision on whether to accept, reject, or request revisions to the manuscript.
- Communicate Decision: Once a decision has been made, Handling Editors must communicate it to the author(s) of the manuscript. They will also provide feedback from the reviewers and any instructions for revising the manuscript, if necessary.