Development of River Flood Management plan “Case of Patna City”

Year : 2025 | Volume : 12 | Issue : 03 | Page : 38 79
    By

    Ashutosh Upadhyay,

  • Indrani Chakraborty,

Abstract

This Research Paper develops an Integrated River Flood Management plan for Patna city, which includes Policy Framework and Implementation Strategy by increasing resilience and reducing river flood through various Interventions like Land use planning, Low Impact Development, Embankments, leaves, Dykes and ecosystem-based adaptation, resilient infrastructure, and community engagement identified from various Literature studies. It ensures Development of framework for River Flood in the region. It also talks about the Parameters and Indicators that are used to generate the Flood Risk Map. This process involves an Empirical approach for Flood Risk Mapping and thus Flood Risk Map is prepared by Overlapping of Flood Vulnerability and Flood Hazard Map. Flood Hazard map is prepared by using 6 thematic layers which includes LULC, Slope, Elevation, and Distance to Active stream, Drainage Density & Precipitation Map. Flood Vulnerability map is prepared by using 2 thematic layers which includes Population Density and Sex ratio Map. For Flood Risk Mapping AHP (Analytical hierarchical Process) & ARC-GIS technique is used. SRTM-30M Dem and Sentinel 2-10M is used to create the Flood Hazard, Vulnerability & Flood Risk Map. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed to amalgamate the maps within the Geographic Information System (GIS) environment for the creation of the Flood Risk Map. Study classifies the area falling into different zones having high Risk in PMC region. This Study may help Policy makers & Decision makers in Rapid assessment of River Flooding in the Region.

Keywords: Flood Hazard Map, Flood Risk Map, Flood Vulnerability Map, Flood Vulnerability Index AHP, LULC, SRTM-30M Dem, Sentinel2-10M, MCDM, ARC-GIS

[This article belongs to Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ]

How to cite this article:
Ashutosh Upadhyay, Indrani Chakraborty. Development of River Flood Management plan “Case of Patna City”. Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management. 2025; 12(03):38-79.
How to cite this URL:
Ashutosh Upadhyay, Indrani Chakraborty. Development of River Flood Management plan “Case of Patna City”. Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management. 2025; 12(03):38-79. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jowrem/article=2025/view=230291


References

  1. (BSDMA. (n.d.). Bihar state Management authority. Retrieved from BSDMA: https://state.bihar.gov.in/disastermgmt/SectionInformation.html?editForm&rowId=441
  2. Centre, N. B. (n.d.). I.bhugoal. Retrieved from I.bhugoal: https://www.gis.bih.nic.in/DEPTS/Default.aspx
  3. (n.d.). ESRI Sentinel -2. Retrieved from Esri: https://livingatlas.arcgis.com/landcoverexplorer/#mapCenter=-83.21000%2C34.33200%2C4&mode=step&timeExtent=2017%2C2021&year=2017&downloadMode=true
  4. Goepel, K. D. (n.d.). AHP Priority Calculator. Retrieved from BPSMSG: https://bpmsg.com/ahp/ahp-calc.php
  5. patna, S. c. (n.d.). Smart city patna. Retrieved from Patna profile: https://www.smartpatna.co.in/profile.aspx#
  6. Times, E. (n.d.). Bihar govt plans to develop a 7-km stretch in Patna as ‘Marine Drive’. Retrieved from Economic Times: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/bihar-govt-plans-to-develop-a-7-km-stretch-in-patna-as-marine-drive/articleshow/102946033.cms?from=mdr
  7. Wani, S. N. (n.d.). Disaster vulnerability and flood management policy framework in the Himalayas. Retrieved from Springer: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12517-023-11727-0#:~:text=The%20Uppal%20report%20recommended%20the, the%20channe l%20 (Uppal%201956).
  8. Yu, I. (n.d.). Flood Risk Analysis by Building Use in Urban Planning for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation. Retrieved from MDPI: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/23/13006
  9. Amphibious homes, Maasbommel, The Netherlands. (n.d.). Retrieved from Urban Green Blue Grids: https://urbangreenbluegrids.com/projects/amphibious-homes-maasbommel-the-netherlands/
  10. Bertilsson, L. (2019, 6). Urban flood resilience – A multi-criteria index to integrate flood resilience into urban planning. Retrieved from Science Direct: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022169418304748#preview-section-snippets
  11. chen, S. (2021, 9 28). Revisiting China’s Sponge City Planning Approach: Lessons From a Case Study on Qinhuai District, Nanjing. Retrieved from Frontiers: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.748231/full
  12. Flood Resilience. (2021). Retrieved from Agency of Natural Tesources, Department of Environmental Conservation: https://dec.vermont.gov/content/flood-resilience#:~:text=Flood%20preparedness%2C%20or%20the%20steps,flood%20mitigation%20measures%20to%20reduce
  13. (2022, 7 29). Best Practises for Flood Resilience. Retrieved from NIUA: https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/default/files/publication/A%20Catalogue%20of%20Best%20Practices%20for%20Building%20Flood%20Resilience.pdf
  14. IAS, D. (2020, 10 31). Urban Flooding. Retrieved from drishtiias: https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/urban-flooding
  15. Jacob, A. C. (2019, 9). A framework to introduce urban flood resilience into the design of flood control alternatives. Retrieved from Science Direct: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022169419306109
  16. Khodadad, M. (2023, 1 28). Green Infrastructure for Urban Flood Resilience: A Review of Recent Literature on Bibliometrics, Methodologies, and Typologies. Retrieved from MDPI: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/3/523
  17. Kuksina, L. (2020, 4). Flash floods: formation, study and distribution. Retrieved from Rearch Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340726007_Flash_floods_formation_study_and_distribution
  18. Kuksina, L. (22020, 4). Flash floods: formation, study and distribution. Retrieved from Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340726007_Flash_floods_formation_study_and_distribution
  19. Leena Karrasch, B. R. (2021, May 16). The ‘Flood Resilience Rose’: A management tool to promote transformation towards flood resilience. Retrieved from Wiley online Library: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jfr3.12726
  20. Mehrishi, P. (2022, 4). An Appraisal of Kerala Flood-2019. Retrieved from Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360193488_An_Appraisal_of_Kerala_Flood-2019
  21. Nair, S. S. (2011, 6 22). Urban floods in Bangalore and Chennai – Risk management challenges and lessons for sustainable urban ecology – A paper in Current Science. Retrieved from India Water Portal: https://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/urban-floods-bangalore-and-chennai-risk-management-challenges-and-lessons-sustainable
  22. (2022). NDMA (GOI). Retrieved from Government of India: https://ndma.gov.in/Natural-Hazards/Floods#:~:text=An%20average%20every%20year%2C%2075,than%20once%20in%20five%20years.
  23. (2022). Urban Floods Do’s and Dont’s. Retrieved from GOI (NDMA): https://ndma.gov.in/index.php/Natural-Hazards/Urban-Floods/Dos-Donts
  24. (2019, 7 12). Spatial Planning in Flood-prone Areas. Retrieved from Tu prints: https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/9266/
  25. project, S. (2022, 12). Regional : Strengthening Integrated Flood Risk Management. Retrieved from Asian Development bank: https://www.adb.org/projects/52014-001/main
  26. Race to Resilience. (2022, 4 11). Retrieved from KIM HARRISBERG: https://climatechampions.unfccc.int/what-are-sponge-cities-and-how-can-they-prevent-floods/
  27. Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems: Benefits and Opportunities. (2022, 5 10). Retrieved from EcoMENA: https://www.ecomena.org/sustainable-urban-drainage-systems-east/
  28. TEAM, N. I. (2023, 9 18). Urban Flooding in India: Causes, Impact & Solutions. Retrieved from Next IAS: https://www.nextias.com/blog/urban-flooding-in-india/#:~:text=Cities%20like%20Mumbai%2C%20Chennai%2C%20and,of%20life%2C%20and%20economic%20disruption.
  29. tv, S. (2021, 11 15). [Sansad TV] Perspective: Urban Deluge (Floods). Retrieved from Civils daily: https://www.civilsdaily.com/sansad-tv-urban-deluge-floods/
  30. Webb, G. (2018, 3). Flood Resilience Building in Thailand: Assessing Progress and the Effect of Leadership. Retrieved from Sringer Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13753-018-0162-0
  31. (2021, 8 24). Flood Management. Retrieved from India WRIS: https://indiawris.gov.in/wiki/doku.php?id=flood_management
Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 12
Issue 03
Received 17/07/2025
Accepted 26/08/2025
Published 10/09/2025
Publication Time 55 Days
236

Login


My IP

PlumX Metrics