Impact of Phosphorus Application Rates on Yield and Yield Components of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties in Relation to Water Resources at Yabello, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia

Year : 2024 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 03 | Page : 20-31
    By

    Gutema Idossa Olika,

  • Demisachew Tadele,

  • Ayana and Nano Alemu Daba,

Abstract

Common bean is a key legume crop with significant economic importance in Ethiopia, particularly in the southern region of Oromia. One of the primary constraints to common bean productivity in this region is the issue of soil fertility, which is exacerbated by water scarcity. This study was conducted to assess the impact of phosphorus (P) fertilizer rates on common bean growth and yield, as well as to identify sustainable management practices that enhance both water-use efficiency and crop productivity in water-limited environments. The experiment was designed using a factorial combination of three common bean varieties (Hawasa Dume, Ado, and Batu) and five phosphorus application rates (0, 23, 46, 69, and 92 kg P ha-1), arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The primary objectives were to determine the effect of phosphorus on water-use efficiency, crop growth, and production, and to identify economically viable practices that could improve bean yield in water-stressed conditions. The results showed that phosphorus application and variety selection had significant effects on several growth parameters, including days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, and the number of primary branches. However, only phosphorus application had a notable impact on the harvest index, which is critical for evaluating water-use efficiency. In terms of yield components, the interaction between phosphorus rates and common bean varieties significantly influenced the number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, number of nodules per plant (both total and effective nodules), hundred seed weight, grain yield, and aboveground biomass yield. Among the tested varieties, Hawasa Dume showed the highest seed yield (2,777.10 kg ha-1) when phosphorus was applied at 69 kg P ha-1, demonstrating its adaptability and efficient use of water and nutrients under these conditions. Conversely, the Batu variety, without phosphorus application, had the lowest yield (1,718.73 kg ha-1), highlighting the need for nutrient supplementation in water-limited environments to enhance productivity. Economic analysis further revealed that applying phosphorus at 46 kg P ha-1 provided the highest net benefit (120,856 ETB ha-1) and a marginal rate of return (MRR) of 1,144.44%, making it the most cost-effective rate for optimizing both water and phosphorus use in common bean production. The findings suggest that phosphorus application can significantly improve common bean growth, yield, and water-use efficiency, particularly in water-limited regions like Yabello. Specifically, a phosphorus rate of 46 kg P ha-1 is recommended for enhancing productivity in these conditions. However, given that this study was conducted over a single season in one location, further research is recommended to validate these results across multiple seasons and diverse water availability conditions to provide more comprehensive recommendations.

Keywords: Effective nodules, growth, grain yield, harvest index, phosphorus, rate

[This article belongs to Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ]

How to cite this article:
Gutema Idossa Olika, Demisachew Tadele, Ayana and Nano Alemu Daba. Impact of Phosphorus Application Rates on Yield and Yield Components of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties in Relation to Water Resources at Yabello, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia. Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management. 2024; 11(03):20-31.
How to cite this URL:
Gutema Idossa Olika, Demisachew Tadele, Ayana and Nano Alemu Daba. Impact of Phosphorus Application Rates on Yield and Yield Components of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties in Relation to Water Resources at Yabello, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia. Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management. 2024; 11(03):20-31. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jowrem/article=2024/view=186782



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Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 11
Issue 03
Received 15/08/2024
Accepted 16/09/2024
Published 21/09/2024
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