Comparison of Percentage Reduction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon on Treatment Using Bryophylum pinnatum Leaf: The Concept of Alcohol and Water as Solvent for Constituents Extraction

Year : 2025 | Volume : 12 | Issue : 03 | Page : 45 52
    By

    Abraham Peter Ukpaka,

  • Joy Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka,

  • Victor Chukwuemeka Ukpaka,

  • Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka,

  1. Research Student, College of Engineering, Computer Studies and Architecture, Department of Computer Engineering, Lyceum of the Philippines University Cavite, Cavite, Philippines
  2. Research Student, College of Allied Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Lyceum of the Philippines University Cavite, Cavite, Philippines
  3. Research Student, College of Engineering, Computer Studies and Architecture, Department of Industrial Engineering, Lyceum of the Philippines University Cavite, Cavite, Philippines
  4. Professor, Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, Rivers State University Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Abstract

Investigation on the comparison of percentage reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbon on treatment using Bryophylum pinnatum leaf was indeed, considered by using the concept of alcohol and water as solvent for constituents’ extraction. The extracts were introduced into the various bioreactors set-up and the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration monitored with increase in contact period. The investigation revealed decreased in TPH concentration with increased in the percentage reduction of the TPH concentration. This behavior has demonstrated that the reaction process was not inhibited by any environmental factors and the biostimulant performance was rated good, because rapid growth of the microbes was experienced. The percentage reduction of the TPH concentration was high on ethanol-based extraction process compared to the water-based extraction process as well as more effective on loamy soil environment than clay soil environment. This research has shown the trend of the solvent extraction mechanism of ethanol and water in treatment of contaminated loamy and clay soil and the extent of remediation within the time period of 42 days.

Keywords: Comparison, percentage, reduction, TPH, treatment, Bryophylum pinnatum, solvent

[This article belongs to Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research ]

How to cite this article:
Abraham Peter Ukpaka, Joy Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka, Victor Chukwuemeka Ukpaka, Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka. Comparison of Percentage Reduction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon on Treatment Using Bryophylum pinnatum Leaf: The Concept of Alcohol and Water as Solvent for Constituents Extraction. Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research. 2025; 12(03):45-52.
How to cite this URL:
Abraham Peter Ukpaka, Joy Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka, Victor Chukwuemeka Ukpaka, Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka. Comparison of Percentage Reduction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon on Treatment Using Bryophylum pinnatum Leaf: The Concept of Alcohol and Water as Solvent for Constituents Extraction. Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research. 2025; 12(03):45-52. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jowppr/article=2025/view=225736


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Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 12
Issue 03
Received 12/04/2025
Accepted 30/04/2025
Published 04/09/2025
Publication Time 145 Days
143

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