A Review on Heavy Metal Removal Techniques in Water Treatment

Year : 2024 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 03 | Page : 15 28
    By

    Bangshidhar Goswami1,

  • Rakshit Sanwal,

  1. Ex-Assistant Professor, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Ran Vijay Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jamshedpur, East-Singhbhum, Jharkhand, India
  2. AR, Analyst JindalX, 11, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater is crucial for environmental safety and human health due to the toxic and persistent nature of these pollutants. This review comprehensively examines various water treatment methods, including adsorption, membrane filtration, chemical precipitation, electrochemical, and photocatalytic processes. Each technique is critically analyzed in terms of removal efficiency, operating conditions, and their respective advantages and limitations. Adsorption methods, particularly those using bioadsorbents, have gained significant attention for their cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness. However, challenges like adsorbent regeneration, selectivity, and long retention times hinder their broader application. Membrane-based methods, while effective, face issues related to fouling and high operational costs. Even while chemical procedures are viable, they frequently produce enormous volumes of sludge that need to be treated further. Although less developed, electric and photocatalytic-based methods have promised advancement. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions, with nanomaterials proving to be more efficient at heavy metal removal, although challenges remain concerning their stability, toxicity, and recovery. A key issue in many studies is the use of synthetic wastewater instead of real samples, which may not fully capture the complexities of industrial effluents. Future research should prioritize sustainable, eco-friendly materials and focus on industrial-scale implementation. Overall, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to address the limitations of current technologies and develop more advanced, efficient, and cost-effective solutions for heavy metal removal from wastewater, ensuring the long-term protection of ecosystems and human health.

Keywords: Adsorption techniques, environmental remediation, heavy metal removal, nanotechnology in wastewater treatment, water treatment technologies.

[This article belongs to Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research ]

How to cite this article:
Bangshidhar Goswami1, Rakshit Sanwal. A Review on Heavy Metal Removal Techniques in Water Treatment. Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research. 2024; 11(03):15-28.
How to cite this URL:
Bangshidhar Goswami1, Rakshit Sanwal. A Review on Heavy Metal Removal Techniques in Water Treatment. Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research. 2024; 11(03):15-28. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jowppr/article=2024/view=181295


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 11
Issue 03
Received 24/09/2024
Accepted 27/09/2024
Published 06/11/2024
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