Swarm Intelligence in Software Engineering: A Systematic Review of Crowd-Based Development Models

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This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.

Year : 2025 | Volume : 12 | Issue : 02 | Page : 01 11
    By

    Manas Kumar Yogi,

  1. Assistant Professor, CSE Department, Pragati Engineering College (A), Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

The crowd-based software production model has emerged as a transformative paradigm, leveraging global collaboration, decentralized governance, and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven automation to develop software efficiently. Traditional software development models, characterized by centralized control and in-house teams, are increasingly giving way to distributed, community-driven efforts. Key advancements such as blockchain-based decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), AI-assisted coding and debugging, and edge computing applications are reshaping the landscape of software engineering. DAOs provide transparent governance and fair compensation, ensuring equitable participation in open-source development. AI-powered tools enhance code synthesis, bug detection, and testing automation, significantly improving productivity and quality assurance. Additionally, crowd-driven internet of things (IoT) and edge computing software development fosters real-time adaptability and security enhancements. However, these advancements introduce challenges, including intellectual property (IP) concerns, security risks, and coordination complexities in large-scale collaborations. Emerging governance models that integrate reputation-based incentives, smart contracts, and hybrid voting mechanisms aim to streamline contributor engagement and sustain long- term project development. This paper reviews recent trends, technological innovations, and governance models in crowd-based software engineering, highlighting its growing impact on modern software ecosystems. By integrating AI, blockchain, and decentralized governance, the crowd-based software model is evolving into a scalable, secure, and self-sustaining ecosystem, driving the future of software engineering.

Keywords: Crowd source, open source, decentralized governance, Agile, DevOps

[This article belongs to Journal of Software Engineering Tools & Technology Trends ]

How to cite this article:
Manas Kumar Yogi. Swarm Intelligence in Software Engineering: A Systematic Review of Crowd-Based Development Models. Journal of Software Engineering Tools & Technology Trends. 2025; 12(02):01-11.
How to cite this URL:
Manas Kumar Yogi. Swarm Intelligence in Software Engineering: A Systematic Review of Crowd-Based Development Models. Journal of Software Engineering Tools & Technology Trends. 2025; 12(02):01-11. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/josettt/article=2025/view=207271


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 12
Issue 02
Received 26/02/2025
Accepted 06/03/2025
Published 15/04/2025
Publication Time 48 Days
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