Evaluation of dampness effect on some buildings in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

Year : 2025 | Volume : 12 | Issue : 03 | Page :
    By

    Musa H. L,

  • Abdussalam A.,

  • Lawal H.M,

  • Shehu N.,

  • Ibrahim A. Z.,

  • Baba I. H,

Abstract

Dampness is one of the sources of defect in building. Apart from triggering deterioration of the material and textures, it can also affect in harm to the furnishings and content there by allowing the development of fungi. There are many causes of dampness in building some of which include rain penetration which occurs ingress above the ground at the various points in the external envelope of the construction. i.e through walls roofs, and opening such as windows and doors. It could also be caused by rising damp mostly in older buildings, damp rise up wall due to lack of damp-proof-course, other causes include level of site, damp ability of the climatic condition, defective orientation of the building. The aim of this research is to appraise the effect of dampness in some buildings selected buildings at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The study employed case study method and covered major components of building such as foundation, walls, roofs, drainage, external and internal finishes of the building and its surroundings. Literature related to the major variables of the research was reviewed adequately. 200 questionnaires were disturbed and 150 were returned and analyzed. Results of the findings show that most of the respondents were 300 level students and indicated that they have dampness problem result also shows that dampness has effect on health; school management is taking a step in solving the problems of dampness. The result of this research work it can be concluded that, dampness is an undesirable feature in building which causes environmental degradation and effect to health. The sick building sickness is generally the negative effect of dampness building on its occupants. It was also found that hostels of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria were infected by such dampness. Causes of damped building could be hydroscope salt, bridging of cavity walls roof water fitting among others. Base of the finding of our research which is drawn from the population of two hundred, which one hundred and fifty questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The students have negative impression about damped building and contractors are responsible for damped buildings. Appropriate measures to tackle the problems of dampness in buildings were recommended.

Keywords: Dampness, chimneys, parapets, sick building, deterioration, damp-proof membrane, defective orientation, foundation, tenants, Allergies.

[This article belongs to Journal of Structural Engineering and Management ]

How to cite this article:
Musa H. L, Abdussalam A., Lawal H.M, Shehu N., Ibrahim A. Z., Baba I. H. Evaluation of dampness effect on some buildings in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Journal of Structural Engineering and Management. 2025; 12(03):-.
How to cite this URL:
Musa H. L, Abdussalam A., Lawal H.M, Shehu N., Ibrahim A. Z., Baba I. H. Evaluation of dampness effect on some buildings in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Journal of Structural Engineering and Management. 2025; 12(03):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/josem/article=2025/view=234355


References

1. Egonhofer MJ, David MM. Geographic Information Science: Second International Conference, G/Science 2002; September 25–28, 2002; Boulder, Colorado, USA. Proceedings. Springer; 2002. p.110.
2. Whitney WW, Benjamin ES. The Century Dictionary and Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Century Co.; 1901.
3. Merriam P. Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms. Springfield (MA): Merriam-Webster; 2013.
4. Sturgis R. A Dictionary of Architecture & Building: Biographical, Historical, & Descriptive. Vol. 1. New York: The Macmillan Co.; 1901.
5. Poul FK, Kent M, Alam R. Real Estate Investment Analysis & Taxation. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2006. p.210.
6. Dawea MH. World’s oldest building discovered. BBC News. 2000 Mar 1 [cited 2010 Jan 2].
7. Peter H. Gimme shelter. New Scientist. 2000 Mar 4.
8. Peter H. Fraud means Japan must rewrite its history. New Scientist. 2000;6.
9. Rob O. Meet the lodgers: Wildlife in the great indoors. New Scientist. 2014 Aug 23;34–37.
10. March BK, Rakesh WD. Building damage. University of Melbourne Publications. 2005 [cited 2014 Aug 22]. Available from: unimelb.edu.au
11. Dwight BE, Whitney WD. The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Century Co.; 1901.
12. Frank C. Visual Dictionary of Architecture. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold; 2014. p.8–9.
13. Merriam W. More from the free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.com. 2012 Aug 31 [cited 2013 Jul 4].
14. James WP. The shrine of St. Peter’s and its twelve spiral columns. J Roman Stud. 2013;42:21–ff.
15. Henry P, Thomas B. 10 most creative floors ever built. 2014 Aug 18.
16. Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. Version 4.0 on CD-ROM. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press; 2009.
17. Peter N, Robert E. Native American Architecture. New York: Oxford University Press; 1989. p.16.
18. Kent S. Domestic Architecture and the Use of Space: An Interdisciplinary Cross-Cultural Study. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press; 1990. p.131.
19. Shaffer GO. An archeomagnetic study of a wattle and daub building collapse. J Field Archaeol. 1993;20(1):Spring. Accessed 2007 Jan 28.
20. Lyon GF. The Private Journal of Captain G.F. Lyon, of H.M.S. Hecla, during the Recent Voyage of Discovery under Captain Parry. London: J. Murray; 1824. p.280–181.
21. Michael MG. Climate, Environment and Experiences. Abingdon (UK): Routledge; 2010. p.30.
22. Smith MG. Cob building, ancient and modern. In: Kennedy J, Smith MG, Wanek C, editors. 2002.
23. Sandermann W, Kohler R. Studies on mineral bonded wood materials. 2004.
24. Linval BH. Sick Building Sickness. Press; 2009. p.1275–351.
25. Dawea RC, Tarkow H. Effect of wood on setting of Portland cement. For Prod J. 2004;14(12).
26. Hachmi MA, Campbell AG. A new technique to classify the compatibility of wood with cement. 2006.
27. Hong Z, Lee AWC. Compressive strength of cylindrical samples as indicator of wood–cement compatibility. For Prod J. 2012;36(11–12):87–90.
28. Demirbas A, Aslan A. SEM examination of wood–Portland cement bonds. Wood Sci. 2010;13(2):77–82.
29. Maherk CR. Assessment of wood–cement compatibility: A new approach. 2013;57:672–680.
30. Ramos CR. Partition walls: Excellence in craftsmanship. 2013 Jul 17 [retrieved].
31. Edwards JD. A Creole Lexicon: Architecture, Landscape, People. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press; 2004. p.92.
32. Darvill T. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology. 2nd ed. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press; 2008.
33. James GL. A Building History of Northern New England. Hanover (NH): University Press of New England; 2001.
34. Sundell R. Thatch: Oldest building material—old material approach. 2002;57:621–651.
35. Sundell J. Association between type of ventilation and airflow rates in office buildings and the risk of SBS symptoms among occupants. Environ Int. 2009;20(2):239–251.
36. Rylander R. Investigation of the relationship between disease and airborne agents in buildings. 2013.
37. Godish T. Indoor Environmental Quality. New York: CRC Press; 2011. p.196–197.
38. Teculescu DD. Sick building symptoms in office workers in northern France: A pilot study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2007;71:353–356.
39. Apter B. Epidemiology of sick building syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;94:277–288.
40. Godish T. Research damped in oldest building and real investigation. 2014; Co. 1901.2236.
41. Dawea SB. Dampness in Domestic Buildings. London: Technology Press; 2014.
42. Kent S. Glossary of General Terms Used in Maintenance Organization. London; 2014.
43. March P. Thermal Insulation and Condensation. Lancaster: The Construction Press; 2014.
44. Lyon G. Report on dilapidated buildings due to damp problems. 2013.
45. Thomas RD. Definition of surface floor: SEM examination of surface floor. Co. 2015;1151.2015.


Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 12
Issue 03
Received 27/08/2025
Accepted 12/12/2025
Published 15/12/2025
Publication Time 110 Days


Login


My IP

PlumX Metrics