This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.
Dr. Kazi Kutubuddin Sayyad Liyakat,
- Professor and Head, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Brahmdevdada Mane Institute of Technology, Solapur, MS, India
Abstract
Electrical conduction and semiconductor device technologies form the backbone of modern electronic and sensing systems. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of conduction mechanisms across different materials, including conductors, semiconductors, and insulators, with particular emphasis on charge carrier behavior, resistivity, and energy band structures. The study highlights how variations in material properties and external conditions influence electrical performance and device efficiency. The paper further explores advancements in semiconductor devices, focusing on metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structures and field-effect transistors, which are fundamental to integrated circuit design. Key aspects such as doping techniques, carrier generation and recombination, and threshold voltage control are examined to understand their impact on device scalability and performance. Recent developments in fabrication processes and high-dielectric materials are also discussed in the context of improving device reliability and energy efficiency. In addition, the review addresses the growing importance of optical sensing technologies, including photoconductive devices, phototransistors, and photovoltaic systems. These sensors are essential for a variety of applications, including biomedical instruments, environmental monitoring, and communication systems. The integration of optical sensing with semiconductor devices has enabled the development of compact, high-sensitivity systems. Overall, this work provides an integrated perspective on electrical conduction, semiconductor device innovation, and optical sensing, offering valuable insights for future research and technological advancement in electronics and sensing applications.
Keywords: Electrical Conduction Mechanisms, Semiconductor Device Engineering, Optical Sensing Technologies, Charge Carrier Dynamics, MOSFET and CMOS Systems
Dr. Kazi Kutubuddin Sayyad Liyakat. A Review of Electrical Conduction, Optical Sensing, and Semiconductor Device Innovations. Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits. 2026; 13(01):-.
Dr. Kazi Kutubuddin Sayyad Liyakat. A Review of Electrical Conduction, Optical Sensing, and Semiconductor Device Innovations. Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits. 2026; 13(01):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/josdc/article=2026/view=242466
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Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits
| Volume | 13 |
| 01 | |
| Received | 29/04/2026 |
| Accepted | 30/04/2026 |
| Published | 01/05/2026 |
| Publication Time | 2 Days |
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