Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Approaches for Groundwater Contamination Assessment: A Comprehensive Review of Methods, Sources, and Emerging Trends

Year : 2025 | Volume : 16 | Issue : 03 | Page : 39 49
    By

    U. Suresh,

  1. Professor, Department of Geology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

Groundwater contamination poses a serious threat to sustainable water resources, especially in developing regions with limited monitoring infrastructure. This review provides an in-depth analysis of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques applied to identify, monitor, and assess groundwater contamination. The study categorizes major sources of pollution, including industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and geogenic inputs and examines how multispectral and hyperspectral satellite data contribute to indirect mapping of contamination indicators. Additionally, the review explores the integration of RS-based indices, groundwater vulnerability models and machine learning methods. Case studies from different hydrogeological settings demonstrate the growing effectiveness of RS-GIS tools for spatial analysis, temporal change detection, and contamination hotspot prediction. Finally, future research directions and policy implications are discussed to improve groundwater quality monitoring and decision-making using geospatial technologies.

Keywords: Western disturbance, Northwest India, WRF model, satellite observation, ERA-5, model validation

[This article belongs to Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS ]

How to cite this article:
U. Suresh. Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Approaches for Groundwater Contamination Assessment: A Comprehensive Review of Methods, Sources, and Emerging Trends. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2025; 16(03):39-49.
How to cite this URL:
U. Suresh. Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Approaches for Groundwater Contamination Assessment: A Comprehensive Review of Methods, Sources, and Emerging Trends. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2025; 16(03):39-49. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jorsg/article=2025/view=227968


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 16
Issue 03
Received 13/06/2025
Accepted 05/08/2025
Published 08/09/2025
Publication Time 87 Days
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