Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in Tadimarri Mandal, Sri Sathya Sai District, Andhra Pradesh Using Water Quality Index and Geospatial Techniques

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 03 | Page : 1 19
    By

    N. Jagadeesh,

  • V. Gope Naik,

  • K. Ramanaidu,

  1. Research Scholar,, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati,, Andhra Pradesh,, India.
  2. Assistant Professor,, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati,, Andhra Pradesh,, India
  3. Research Scholar,, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati,, Andhra Pradesh,, India

Abstract

Groundwater is the primary source of potable water and supports agriculture worldwide. Assessing its quality is vital to determine its suitability for various purposes, especially as a safe drinking water source. This study focuses on evaluating the quality of groundwater used for drinking and irrigation in Tadimarri Mandal, Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. During the pre-monsoon season, 30 groundwater samples were collected from boreholes and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. The analysis revealed that all water samples from the area were alkaline. To assess and explain the water quality, techniques such as the water quality index (WQI) and geographic information system (GIS)-based interpolation were employed. The WQI ranged from 66.87 to 171.65 mg/L, indicating that 33% of the samples were deemed safe for drinking, while 67% fell below the safe drinking water standards. To mitigate the potential health risks of consuming untreated groundwater, proper water treatment methods are recommended. The Gibbs plot results suggest that rock-water interaction is the dominant process affecting groundwater composition across the entire sample set. In terms of irrigation suitability, most groundwater samples showed favorable values for sodium absorption ratio, %Na, Kelley’s ratio, residual sodium carbonate, and permeability index, making them appropriate for agricultural use. However, geospatial analysis revealed that a significant portion of the groundwater does not meet the required drinking water standards, highlighting the need for treatment before consumption. These findings underscore the necessity for effective aquifer management strategies to safeguard groundwater quality and ensure its safe use for both drinking and irrigation purposes

Keywords: Groundwater quality, water quality index (WQI), drinking purposes, remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS), spatial distribution maps

[This article belongs to Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS ]

How to cite this article:
N. Jagadeesh, V. Gope Naik, K. Ramanaidu. Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in Tadimarri Mandal, Sri Sathya Sai District, Andhra Pradesh Using Water Quality Index and Geospatial Techniques. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2024; 15(03):1-19.
How to cite this URL:
N. Jagadeesh, V. Gope Naik, K. Ramanaidu. Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in Tadimarri Mandal, Sri Sathya Sai District, Andhra Pradesh Using Water Quality Index and Geospatial Techniques. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2024; 15(03):1-19. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jorsg/article=2024/view=176769


Browse Figures

References

  1. Akhtar N, Syakir Ishak MI, Bhawani SA, Umar K. Various natural and anthropogenic factors responsible for water quality degradation: a review. Water. 2021; 13 (19): 2660.
  2. Adimalla N. Controlling factors and mechanism of groundwater quality variation in semiarid region of south India: an approach of water quality index (WQI) and health risk assessment (HRA). Environ Geochem Health. 2020; 42 (6): 1725–1752.
  3. Aravinthasamy P, Karunanidhi D, Subramani T, Anand B, Roy PD, Srinivasamoorthy K. Fluoride contamination in groundwater of the Shanmuganadhi River basin (south India) and its association with other chemical constituents using geographical information system and multivariate statistics. Geochemistry. 2020; 80 (4): 125555.
  4. Asadi E, Isazadeh M, Samadianfard S, Ramli MF, Mosavi A, Nabipour N, Shamshirband S, Hajnal E, Chau KW. Groundwater quality assessment for sustainable drinking and irrigation. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (1): 177.
  5. Kumar YV, Naik VG, Veeraswamy G, Balaji E. Geochemical analysis of groundwater for drinking, irrigation, and human health impacts in Uddanam area of Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Alinteri J Agric Sci. 2021; 36 (2): 239–244.
  6. Ahmed S, Khurshid S, Sultan W, Shadab MB. Statistical analysis and water quality index development using GIS of Mathura City, Uttar Pradesh, India. Desalin Water Treat. 2020; 177 (December): 152–166.
  7. Sunitha V, Reddy BM. Geochemical characterization, deciphering groundwater quality using pollution index of groundwater (PIG), water quality index (WQI) and geographical information system (GIS) in hard rock aquifer, South India. Appl Water Sci. 2022; 12 (3): 41.
  8. Bhakar P, Singh AP, Mittal RK. Assessment of groundwater suitability using remote sensing and GIS: a case study of Western Rajasthan, India. Arab J Geosci. 2022; 15 (1): 41.
  9.  Molagamudi SR, Uravakonda S, Badapalli PK, Golla VS. Evaluation of groundwater chemistry and its impact on drinking, irrigation, and human health hazard risk assessment (HHRA) in Pincha river basin, semi-arid region of Andhra Pradesh, India. Int J Energy Water Resour. 2023; 7 (3): 347–353.
  10. Golla VS, Badapalli PK. Evaluation of water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes and fluoride Health Hazard Risk Assessment (HHRA) in parts of semi-arid regions in the south-eastern part of India. Int J Energy Water Resour. 2022; 6 (4): 521–529.
  11. Malik N, Malik A, Bishnoi S. Assessment of groundwater hydro-geochemistry, quality, and human health risk in arid area of India using chemometric approach. Arab J Geosci. 2021; 14: 1–25.
  12. Kumari M, Rai SC. Hydrogeochemical evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using water quality index in semi-arid region of India. J Geol Soc India. 2020; 95: 159–168.
  13. Kumar PR, Gowd SS, Krupavathi C, Kumar BP. Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index (WQI) in parts of Anantapur, A.P. (India). J Indian Geophys Union. 2022; 26 (2): 155–164.
  14. Kumar PR, Gowd SS, Krupavathi C. Groundwater quality evaluation using water quality index and geospatial techniques in parts of Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, South India. HydroResearch. 2024; 7: 86–98.
  15. Khatri N, Tyagi S, Rawtani D, Tharmavaram M, Kamboj RD. Analysis and assessment of ground water quality in Satlasana Taluka, Mehsana district, Gujarat, India through application of water quality indices. Groundwater Sustain Dev. 2020; 10: 100321.
  16. Krupavathi C, Gowd SS, Kumar PR, Vijay GH, Kumar BP. Spatial analysis of groundwater qualities in Vempalle Mandal of YSR district, Andhra Pradesh, India using geospatial techniques. Hydrospatial Anal. 2022; 6 (1–2): 1–12.
  17. Mukherjee I, Singh UK, Chakma S. Evaluation of groundwater quality for irrigation water supply using multi-criteria decision-making techniques and GIS in an agroeconomic tract of Lower Ganga basin, India. J Environ Manage. 2022; 309: 114691.
  18. Chinthala K, Somagouni SG, Pappaka RK, Gudala HV. Ground water quality assessment using water quality index and geographical information system of Mogamureru River Basin, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh, India. In: Balaji E, Veeraswamy G, Mannala P, Madhav S, editors. Emerging Technologies for Water Supply, Conservation and Management. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2023. pp. 291–313. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-35279-9_14.
  19. Badapalli PK, Nakkala AB, Kottala RB, Gugulothu S. Geo environmental green growth towards sustainable development in semi-arid regions using physicochemical and geospatial approaches. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2024; 31: 54089–54106.
  20. Pappaka RK, Somagouni SG, Chinthala K, Nakkala AB. Appraisal of groundwater quality for suitability of drinking and irrigation purposes of Pandameru river basin, Anantapur district, AP, India. Arab J Geosci. 2024; 17 (1): 23. doi: 10.1007/s12517-023-11827-x.
  21. Dutta N, Thakur BK, Nurujjaman M, Debnath K, Bal DP. An assessment of the water quality index (WQI) of drinking water in the Eastern Himalayas of South Sikkim, India. Groundwater Sustain Dev. 2022; 17: 100735.
  22. Gnanachandrasamy G, Dushiyanthan C, Jeyavel Rajakumar T, Zhou Y. Assessment of hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in the lower Vellar river basin using geographical information system (GIS) and water quality index (WQI). Environ Dev Sustain. 2020; 22: 759–789. doi: 10.1007/s10668-018-0219-7. 
  23. World Health Organization. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality. 4th edition. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2011.
  24. Freeze RA, Cherry JA. Groundwater. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall; 1997.
  25. Adjovu GE, Stephen H, Ahmad S. A machine learning approach for the estimation of total dissolved solids concentration in Lake Mead using electrical conductivity and temperature. Water. 2023; 15 (13): 2439.
  26. Sawyer CN, McCarty PL. Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers (Vol. 518). 2nd edition. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill; 1967.
  27. Chauhan RC. Calcium as a boon or bane for athlete: a review. Asian J Res Market. 2022; 11 (1): 1–8.
  28. Mukherjee I, Singh UK. Exploring a variance decomposition approach integrated with the Monte Carlo method to evaluate groundwater fluoride exposure on the residents of a typical fluorosis endemic semi-arid tract of India. Environmental Research. 2022;203:111697. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111697. PubMed: 34358509.
  29. Etikala B, Adimalla N, Madhav S, Somagouni SG, Keshava Kiran Kumar PL. Salinity problems in groundwater and management strategies in arid and semi‐arid regions. In: Madhav S, Singh P, editors. Groundwater Geochemistry: Pollution and Remediation Methods. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley & Sons; 2021. pp. 42–56.
  30. Nayak A, Matta G, Uniyal DP. Hydrochemical characterization of groundwater quality using chemometric analysis and water quality indices in the foothills of Himalayas. Environ Dev Sustain. 2023; 25 (12): 14229–14260.
  31. Yadav S, Bansal SK, Yadav S, Kumar S. Fluoride distribution in underground water of district Mahendergarh, Haryana, India. Appl Water Sci. 2019; 9: 1–11.
  32. Singh G, Rishi MS, Herojeet R, Kaur L, Sharma K. Evaluation of groundwater quality and human health risks from fluoride and nitrate in semi-arid region of northern India. Environ Geochem Health. 2020; 42: 1833–1862.
  33. Karunanidhi D, Aravinthasamy P, Subramani T, Muthusankar G. Revealing drinking water quality issues and possible health risks based on water quality index (WQI) method in the Shanmuganadhi River basin of South India. Environ Geochem Health. 2021; 43: 931–948.
  34. Richards LA, editor. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils (No. 60). Washington, DC, USA: US Government Printing Office; 1954.
  35. Eaton FM. Significance of carbonates in irrigation waters. Soil Sci. 1950; 69 (2): 123–134.
  36. Wilcox L. Classification and Use of Irrigation Waters (No. 969). Washington, DC, USA: US Department of Agriculture; 1955. Available at https://ia803201.us.archive.org/10/items/
    classificationus969wilc/classificationus969wilc.pdf
  37. Kelley WP. Permissible composition and concentration of irrigation water. Proc Am Soc Civil Eng. 1940; 66: 607–613.
  38. Szabolcs I, Darab C. The influence of irrigation water of high sodium-carbonate content on soils. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Congress of ISSS, 1964. Vol. 2, pp. 803–812.
  39. Doneen LD. Notes on Water Quality in Agriculture. Davis, CA, USA: Department of Water Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis; 1964.
  40. United States Salinity Laboratory. Diagnosis and Improvement of Salinity and Alkaline Soil. USDA Hand Book No. 60. Washington, DC, USA: US Department of Agriculture; 1954. Available at https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/20360500/hb60_pdf/hb60complete.pdf
  41. Raghunath HM. Ground Water: Hydrogeology, Ground Water Survey and Pumping Tests, Rural Water Supply and Irrigation Systems. 2nd edition. New Delhi, India: New Age International; 1987.
  42.  Gibbs RJ. Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry. Science. 1970; 170 (3962): 1088–1090.
Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 15
Issue 03
Received 11/09/2024
Accepted 14/09/2024
Published 25/09/2024
528

Login


My IP

PlumX Metrics