Pravin Petkar,
Amar Kawale,
Praful Date,
Bhojraj Kale,
Sanjay Sajjanwar,
- Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jhulelal Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
- Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jhulelal Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
- Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jhulelal Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
- Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jhulelal Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
- Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jhulelal Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Refrigeration plays a vital role in modern life, with approximately 4.5 million refrigerators used worldwide each year. Most of these systems rely on conventional refrigerants such as R-12 and R-22. These chemicals create serious environmental effects such as they deplete the ozone layer and fuel climate change, largely because of their extremely high ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP). Growing environmental concerns and strict international regulations have made it essential to explore alternative refrigerants and sustainable refrigeration technologies. To address these issues, researchers are focusing on eco-friendly refrigerants that provide effective cooling performance while minimizing environmental impact. In addition to refrigerant substitution, the use of alternative energy sources and innovative refrigeration techniques has gained considerable attention. Technologies such as thermoelectric refrigeration, magnetic refrigeration, solar absorption systems, vortex tube refrigeration, and pulse tube refrigeration offer promising solutions. These systems operate without harmful refrigerants or significantly reduce their usage, making them environmentally sustainable, to avoid such problem it is necessary to use some alternative refrigerant which is eco friendly and which gives performance for refrigeration process with least effective cost. It also found that there are alternative source of energy which will use for refrigeration process, By using alternative source like thermoelectric, magnetic, solar absorption, vortex tube, pulse tube, refrigeration process can be done with effective performance and avoid the above said problem. This paper aims to focus on a thorough look at refrigeration’s history, spotlighting how it has evolved from conventional systems to cutting-edge, sustainable technologies It also examines various alternative energy-based refrigeration methods, their working principles, advantages, limitations, and potential applications. The study emphasizes the importance of adopting eco-friendly refrigeration technologies to achieve energy efficiency, environmental protection, and cost-effectiveness. Such advancements are crucial for developing sustainable cooling solutions to meet future global demands.
Keywords: Conventional refrigerant, eco-friendly, alternative refrigerant, global warming, environmental, sustainable
[This article belongs to Journal of Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Heating and ventilation ]
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| Volume | 13 | |
| Issue | 02 | |
| Received | 20/03/2026 | |
| Accepted | 01/06/2026 | |
| Published | 22/06/2026 | |
| Publication Time | 94 Days |