Alternating Inertia-Based Virtual Synchronous Machine Control for Improved Frequency Regulation of Energy Storage Systems

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This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.

Year : 2026 | Volume : 16 | 02 | Page :
    By

    Sanika D. Nikhade,

  • Digambar R. Bhise,

  1. Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, Matoshri College of Engineering & Research Center Nashik, Maharashtra, India
  2. Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Matoshri College of Engineering & Research Center Nashik, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The rapid integration of renewable energy sources (RESs), particularly solar photovoltaic and wind energy systems, has significantly increased the penetration of power electronic converter-based distributed generators (DGs) in modern power systems. While these technologies provide substantial environmental, economic, and sustainability benefits, their widespread deployment has introduced new operational challenges. One of the major concerns is the reduction of system inertia and damping due to the replacement of conventional synchronous generators by converter-interfaced renewable sources. This reduction negatively affects frequency stability, dynamic response, and overall grid reliability, especially under sudden load variations and disturbances. Traditional synchronous generators inherently contribute rotational inertia through their mechanical structure, helping maintain system frequency and stability. However, this capability is absent in converter-dominated grids. To overcome this limitation, the concept of the Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) has emerged as an effective solution. VSG control enables power electronic converters to emulate the inertial and damping characteristics of synchronous generators through advanced control algorithms. This paper presents an overview of the challenges associated with renewable energy integration and highlights the role of VSG technology in enhancing frequency regulation, damping performance, and grid stability. The proposed approach supports the reliable operation of low-inertia power systems and facilitates the large-scale integration of renewable energy into future smart grid infrastructures.

Keywords: Renewable energy sources, Distributed generation, Virtual synchronous generator, Power electronic converters, Frequency stability, Low-inertia power systems, Grid stability, Smart grid.

How to cite this article:
Sanika D. Nikhade, Digambar R. Bhise. Alternating Inertia-Based Virtual Synchronous Machine Control for Improved Frequency Regulation of Energy Storage Systems. Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems. 2026; 16(02):-.
How to cite this URL:
Sanika D. Nikhade, Digambar R. Bhise. Alternating Inertia-Based Virtual Synchronous Machine Control for Improved Frequency Regulation of Energy Storage Systems. Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems. 2026; 16(02):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopeps/article=2026/view=247581


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Ahead of Print Subscription Review Article
Volume 16
02
Received 12/06/2026
Accepted 22/06/2026
Published 25/06/2026
Publication Time 13 Days
130

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