Effect of Different Configurations of Reinforcement and Post-Cure Temperature Detailed Survey

Year : 2026 | Volume : 14 | Special Issue 01 | Page : 1738 1753
    By

    S. Dilip Sankar,

  • M. Sundararaj,

  1. Research Scholar, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, School of Aeronautical &Aerospace Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
  2. Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, School of Aeronautical &Aerospace Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Composites with natural fillers have applied many applications, such as interior housekeeping, building and so on but their findings are seldom examined in the mechanical, tribological and dynamic situation. The addition of fillers in GFRP composites enhances the mechanical, thermal and tribological properties due to filler occupied in voids in thermoset resin. There has also been a lot of work done in quantifying the consistency of the operating parameters through statistical analysis and achieving optimal operating conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural networks and Taguchi experimental design are several studies of optimization techniques, from the different techniques Taguchi optimization viable method to interpret the process parameter to find the response. Analysis of variance has shown that the studies are 95% confident and 5% significant. No further production and performance are reported of selectively natural fillers with glass fiber epoxy composites. No work found that the roughness taken as process parameters to influence the response of specific wear rate. The objective of this survey is to critically analyze how reinforcement configurations and post-cure temperatures influence composite performance, particularly regarding mechanical, thermal, tribological, and durability properties

Keywords: Artificial neural network, GFRP composites, response surface methodology.

[This article belongs to Special Issue under section in Journal of Polymer & Composites (jopc)]

How to cite this article:
S. Dilip Sankar, M. Sundararaj. Effect of Different Configurations of Reinforcement and Post-Cure Temperature Detailed Survey. Journal of Polymer & Composites. 2026; 14(01):1738-1753.
How to cite this URL:
S. Dilip Sankar, M. Sundararaj. Effect of Different Configurations of Reinforcement and Post-Cure Temperature Detailed Survey. Journal of Polymer & Composites. 2026; 14(01):1738-1753. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopc/article=2026/view=239168


References

  1. Dipen Kumar, R.; Durgesh, D. P.; Pradeep, L. M.; Emanoil, L. Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites: Manufacturing, Properties, and Applications. Polymers. 2019, 11(10), 1667. DOI: 10.3390/polym11101667.
  2. Jayababu, A.; Arumugam, V.; Rajesh, B.; Suresh Kumar, C. Investigation of Indentation Damage Resistance on Normal and Inclined Plane of glass/epoxy Composite Laminates Using Acoustic Emission Monitoring. J. Compos. Mater. 2020, 54(21), 2953–2964. DOI: 10.1177/0021998320906864.
  3. Campilho, R. D. S. G.; Mfsf, D. M.; Domingues, J. J. M. S. Modelling Single and double-lap Repairs on Composite Materials. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2005, 65(13), 1948–1958. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.04.007.
  4. Budhe, S.; Banea, M. D.; de Barros, S.; da Silva, L. F. M. An Updated Review of Adhesively Bonded Joints in Composite Materials. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2016, 72, 32–40.
  5. Viet-Hoai, T.; Byeong-Su, K.; Rene, R.; Jin-Hwe, K. Cohesive Zone Method for Failure Analysis of Scarf patch-repaired Composite Laminates under Bending Load. Compos. Struct. 2019, 222, 110895. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.110895. ASM International. Composites, ASM Handbook, 2001.
  6. Chun, H. W.; Andrew, J. G.; Adrian, C. O.; Andrew, R. Residual Strength of Composite Laminates Containing Scarfed and straight-sided Holes. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2011, 42(12), 1951–1961. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.08.020.
  7. Sofia, P.; Costas, S.; Wieslaw, J.; Staszewski. Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Scarf Repairs with Guided Waves. Key Engineering Materials 2012, 518: 328–337.
  8. Bachir, B. B.; Belhouari, M.; Serier, B. Computation of the Stress Intensity Factors for Repaired Cracks with Bonded Composite Patch in Mode I and Mixed Mode. Compos. Struct. 2002, 56(4), 401–406. DOI: 10.1016/S0263-8223(02)00023-5.
  9. Coelho, S. R. M.; Reis, P. N. B.; Ferreira, J. A. M.; Pereira, A. M. Effects of External Patch Configuration on Repaired Composite Laminates Subjected to multi-impacts. Compos. Struct. 2017, 168, 259–265. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.02.069.
  10. Sirvan, M.; Yousefi, M.; Khazaei, M. A Review on Composite Patch Repairs and the Most Important Parameters Affecting Its Efficiency and Durability. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 2020, 40(1−2), 3–15.
  11. Pengcheng, C.; Xiao-Jing, G.; Shahram, A.; Xinran, X. Experimental Observation of Tensile Behavior of Patch Repaired Composites. Polym. Test. 2014, 34, 146–154. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2014.01.007.
  12. Bachir, B. B.; Oudad, W.; Albedah, A.; Benyahia, F.; Belhouari, M. Effects of the Adhesive Disband on the Performances of Bonded Composite Repairs in Aircraft Structures. Mater. Des. 2012, 37, 89–95. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.12.028.
  13. Alves, D. L.; Campilho, R. D. S. G.; Moreira, R. D. F.; Silva, F. J. G.; da Silva, L. F. M. Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Hybrid adhesively-bonded Scarf Joints. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2018, 83, 87–95. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.05.011.
  14. Karthikeyan, R.; Karthik, M. K.; Elumalai, N.; Suresh Kumar, C. Optimization of Pitch Distance of Kevlar Thread Stitching in Chopped GFRP Composite Laminates. AIP Conf. Proc. 2020, 2271, 030021.
  15. Daniel, D. A.; Rani, S. W.; Andrew, L. E.; Stephen, C. B.; Dawn, J. C. Influence of Stitching on the out-of-plane Behavior of Composite Materials – A Mechanistic Review. J. Compos. Mater. 2021, 55(23), 3307–3321. DOI: 10.1177/00219983211009290.
  16. Denis Cartie, D. R.; Ivana Partridge, K. Delamination Behaviour of Z – Pinned Laminates. Eur. Struct. Integr. Soc. 2000, 27, 27–36.
  17. Ranatunga, V.; Stephen Clay, B. Cohesive Modeling of Damage Growth in z-pinned Laminates under mode-I Loading. J. Compos. Mater. 2012, 46(26), 3269–3283.
  18. Mouritz, A. P. Review of z-pinned Composite Laminates. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2007, 38(12), 2383–2397. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.08.016.
  19. Bradley, L. D.; Travis, B. A.; Ryan, E. P. Processing and Characterization of Needled Carbon Composites. Proceedings of the 2015 Composites and Advanced Materials Expo (CAMX). Oct 26−29 2015; Dallas, TX, Arlington (VA).
  20. Sam, H. H.; Anthony, W. M. Quasi-static Mode II Fracture Tests and Simulations of Z-pinned Woven Composites. Eng. Fract. Mech. 2014, 126, 155–165. DOI: 10.1016/j. engfracmech.2014.05.002.
  21. Mouritz, A. P.; Cox, B. N. A Mechanistic Interpretation of the Comparative in-plane Mechanical Properties of 3D Woven Stitched and Pinned Composites. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2010, 41(6), 709–728. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.02.001.
  22. Tan, K. T.; Yoshimura, A.; Watanabe, N.; Iwahori, Y.; Ishikawa, T. Further Investigation of Delamination Reduction Trend for Stitched Composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2015, 118, 141–153. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.08.019.
  23. Tarfaoui, M.; Nachtane, M.; El Moumen, A. Energy Dissipation of Stitched and Unstitched Woven Composite Materials during Dynamic Compression Test. Compos. B Eng. 2019, 167, 487–496. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.03.023.
  24. Velmurugan, R.; Solaimurugan, S. Improvements in Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness and in-plane Mechanical Properties of Stitched glass/polyester Composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2006, 67(1), 61–69. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.03.032.
  25. Mouritz, A. P. Ballistic Impact and Explosive Blast Resistance of Stitched Composites. Compos. B Eng. 2001, 32(5), 431–439. DOI: 10.1016/S1359-8368(01)00015-4.
  26. Tan, K. T.; Watanabe, N.; Iwahori, Y. Effect of Stitch Density and Stitch Thread Thickness on low-velocity Impact Damage of Stitched Composites. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2010, 41(12), 1857–1868. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.09.007.
  27. Tan, K. T.; Watanabe, N.; Iwahori, Y.; Ishikawa, T. Effect of Stitch Density and Stitch Thread Thickness on Compression after Impact Strength and Response of Stitched Composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2012, 72(5), 587–598. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech. 2012.01.003.
  28. Zhao, N.; Rodel, H.; Herzberg, C.; Gao, S. L.; Krzywinski, S. Stitched glass/PP Composite. Part I: Tensile impact properties. Compos Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2009, 40(5), 635–643.
  29. Darwish, F. H.; Shivakumar, K. N. Experimental and Analytical Modeling of Scarf Repaired Composite Panels. Mech. Adv. Mat. Struct. 2014, 21(3), 207–212. DOI: 10. 1080/15376494.2013.834096.
  30. Baig, Y.; Cheng, X.; Junaid, H. H.; Abbas, M.; Ali Khan, W. Failure Mechanisms of scarf-repaired Composite Laminates under Tensile Load. J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 2016, 38(7), 2069–2075. DOI: 10.1007/s40430-015-0460-z.
  31. Chakraborty, S.; Palanisamy, S.; Palaniappan, M.; Santulli, C. Physico-chemical characterization of Grewia Monticola Sond (GMS) fibers for prospective application in biocomposites. J. Nat. Fibers 2022, 19(15), 10241–10252. DOI: 10.1080/15440478.2022.2123076.
  32. Padmanabhan, R. G.; Rajesh, S.; Karthikeyan, S.; Palanisamy, S.; Ilyas, R. A.; Ayrilmis, N.; Tag-eldin, E. M.; Kchaou, M. Evaluation of mechanical properties and Fick’s diffusion behaviour of aluminum-DMEM reinforced with hemp/bamboo/basalt woven fiber metal laminates (WFML) under different stacking sequences. Ain Shams Eng. J. 2024, 15(7), Article 102759. DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2024.102759.
  33. Palanisamy, S.; Kalimuthu, M.; Azeez, A.; Palaniappan, M.; Dharmalingam, S.; Nagarajan, R.; Santulli, C. Wear properties and post-moisture absorption mechanical behavior of kenaf/banana-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. Fibers 2022, 10(4), 32. DOI: 10.3390/fib10040032.
  34. Palaniappan, M.; Palanisamy, S.; Khan, R. H.; Alrasheedi, N.; Tadepalli, S.; Murugesan, T.; Santulli, C. Synthesis and suitability characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from *Citrus × sinensis* sweet orange peel fruit waste-based biomass for polymer composite applications. J. Polym. Res. 2024, 31(4), 105. DOI: 10.1007/s10965-024-03946-0
  35. Goutham, E. R. S.; Hussain, S. S.; Muthukumar, C.; Krishnasamy, S.; Kumar, T. S. M.; Santulli, C.; Palanisamy, S.; Parameswaranpillai, J.; Jesuarockiam, N. Drilling parameters and post-drilling residual tensile properties of natural-fiber-reinforced composites: A review. J. Compos. Sci. 2023, 7(4), 136. DOI: 10.3390/jcs7040136.

Special Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 14
Special Issue 01
Received 09/09/2025
Accepted 08/10/2025
Published 25/03/2026
Publication Time 197 Days


Login


My IP

PlumX Metrics