Development of Biodegradable Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) Nanoparticles for Sustained Release of Insulin

Year : 2026 | Volume : 14 | Special Issue 01 | Page : 1690 1699
    By

    Amit Kumar Singh,

  • Anuradha Singh,

  • Raosaheb Y. Ghegade,

  • Shubham Sharma,

  • Chetna Devkar,

  • Kavitha C,

  • Manisha S Nangude,

  • Anagha Amit Sarvadnya,

  • Mrinal Kanti Bhoumik,

  1. Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, United Institute of Pharmacy, A-31/1, UPSIDC Industrial Area, Naini, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
  2. Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, SBS Group of Institution, SBS College of Pharmacy, Malwan. Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
  3. Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, Gokhale Education Society’s, Sir Dr. M. S. Gosavi College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Nashik, Maharshtra, India
  4. Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
  5. Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, National Institute of Technology Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
  6. Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
  7. Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, Shivajirao S Jondhle College of Pharmacy, Mumbai University, Asangaon, Thane, Maharashtra, India
  8. Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, SMES’S Mahavir Institute of Pharmacy, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
  9. Manager, Manufacturing Science and Technology, Jubilant Cadista Pharmaceutical Inc, 790 Township Line Road, Yardley, Yardley, PA 19067-4249, USA

Abstract

This research outlines the creation of biodegradable composite nanoparticles made from poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) designed for the sustained release of insulin. The emphasis is on the interactions between the polymer and the drug at the interface, along with the dynamics of the release matrix. The in vitro release kinetics, surface morphology, encapsulation efficiency, particle size, and polydispersity of insulin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were analyzed following their production via a double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The nanoparticles composed of the enhanced polymer composite exhibited remarkable colloidal stability, characterized by a narrow polydispersity index of 0.168 ± 0.021 and an average particle size of 185.4 ± 12.6 nm. The encapsulation efficiency was determined to be 78.6 ± 3.2%, while the drug loading was found to be 9.4 ± 0.7%. The establishment of a stable polymer composite system was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed smooth, spherical nanoparticles. Insulin was uniformly distributed inside the PLGA polymer matrix without chemical incompatibility, as verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The first burst release of 12.3 ± 1.8% transpired within the first 6 hours of in vitro release studies, followed by a sustained insulin release of 72.5 ± 3.6% over 120 hours, primarily attributed to diffusion and gradual degradation of the polymer matrix. The produced polymer composite nanoparticles maintained the structural integrity of insulin, exhibiting remarkable storage stability for three months at 4 °C. In conclusion, the results underscore the significance of polymer composite engineering in sophisticated controlled-release drug delivery systems, indicating that PLGA-based polymer composite nanoparticles provide a biodegradable medium for prolonged protein delivery.

Keywords: Biodegradable polymer matrix, controlled drug delivery, insulin delivery, PLGA nanoparticles, polymer composites, sustained release.

[This article belongs to Special Issue under section in Journal of Polymer & Composites (jopc)]

How to cite this article:
Amit Kumar Singh, Anuradha Singh, Raosaheb Y. Ghegade, Shubham Sharma, Chetna Devkar, Kavitha C, Manisha S Nangude, Anagha Amit Sarvadnya, Mrinal Kanti Bhoumik. Development of Biodegradable Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) Nanoparticles for Sustained Release of Insulin. Journal of Polymer & Composites. 2026; 14(01):1690-1699.
How to cite this URL:
Amit Kumar Singh, Anuradha Singh, Raosaheb Y. Ghegade, Shubham Sharma, Chetna Devkar, Kavitha C, Manisha S Nangude, Anagha Amit Sarvadnya, Mrinal Kanti Bhoumik. Development of Biodegradable Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) Nanoparticles for Sustained Release of Insulin. Journal of Polymer & Composites. 2026; 14(01):1690-1699. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopc/article=2026/view=239005


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Special Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 14
Special Issue 01
Received 29/01/2026
Accepted 16/02/2026
Published 20/03/2026
Publication Time 50 Days
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